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      Preparation of Quantum Dot/Drug Nanoparticle Formulations for Traceable Targeted Delivery and Therapy

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          Abstract

          Quantum dots (QDs) are luminescent nanocrystals with rich surface chemistry and unique optical properties that make them useful as probes or carriers for traceable targeted delivery and therapy applications. QDs can be functionalized to target specific cells or tissues by conjugating them with targeting ligands. Recent advancement in making biocompatible QD formulations has made these nanocrystals suitable for in vivo applications. This review provides an overview of the preparation of QDs and their use as probes or carriers for traceable, targeted therapy of diseases in vitro and in vivo. More specifically, recent advances in the integration of QDs with drug formulations for therapy and their potential toxicity in vitro and in vivo are highlighted. The current findings and challenges for optimizing QD/drug formulations with respect to optimal size and stability, short-term and long-term toxicity, and in vivo applications are described. Lastly, we attempt to predict key trends in QD/drug formulation development over the next few years and highlight areas of therapy where their use may provide breakthrough results in the near future.

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          Most cited references87

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          Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes.

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            Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels.

            Semiconductor nanocrystals were prepared for use as fluorescent probes in biological staining and diagnostics. Compared with conventional fluorophores, the nanocrystals have a narrow, tunable, symmetric emission spectrum and are photochemically stable. The advantages of the broad, continuous excitation spectrum were demonstrated in a dual-emission, single-excitation labeling experiment on mouse fibroblasts. These nanocrystal probes are thus complementary and in some cases may be superior to existing fluorophores.
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              Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection.

              W Chan, S Nie (1998)
              Highly luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (zinc sulfide-capped cadmium selenide) have been covalently coupled to biomolecules for use in ultrasensitive biological detection. In comparison with organic dyes such as rhodamine, this class of luminescent labels is 20 times as bright, 100 times as stable against photobleaching, and one-third as wide in spectral linewidth. These nanometer-sized conjugates are water-soluble and biocompatible. Quantum dots that were labeled with the protein transferrin underwent receptor-mediated endocytosis in cultured HeLa cells, and those dots that were labeled with immunomolecules recognized specific antibodies or antigens.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Theranostics
                Theranostics
                thno
                Theranostics
                Ivyspring International Publisher (Sydney )
                1838-7640
                2012
                27 July 2012
                : 2
                : 7
                : 681-694
                Affiliations
                1. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
                2. Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
                3. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200
                4. Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics (ILPB), The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY14260, United States
                5. Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
                6. Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, P. R. China
                7. Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, and Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
                Author notes
                ✉ Corresponding author: Dr. Ken-Tye Yong, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore. Email: ktyong@ 123456ntu.edu.sg .

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

                Article
                thnov02p0681
                10.7150/thno.3692
                3418929
                22896770
                1f0abbf1-fb6a-47b3-9fcd-81b2075a83b8
                © Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.
                History
                : 20 October 2011
                : 4 December 2011
                Categories
                Review

                Molecular medicine
                quantum dots,drug nanoparticle formulations,targeted delivery
                Molecular medicine
                quantum dots, drug nanoparticle formulations, targeted delivery

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