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      Diagnóstico y prevalencia de infecciones vaginales Translated title: Diagnosis and prevalence of vaginal infections

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          Abstract

          Las infecciones del aparato genital femenino constituyen un problema importante de la práctica ginecoobstétrica. Son causa de morbilidad, mortalidad materna y neonatal. Entre los factores que explican su frecuencia están: aborto provocado, aumento de intervenciones quirúrgicas e infecciones de transmisión sexual. OBJETIVO: Realizar el diagnóstico y determinar la prevalencia de infecciones vaginales en mujeres que asisten al Laboratorio de Microbiología del Hospital Ginecoobstétrico "Ramón González Coro" con la utilización del Juego de diagnóstico de infecciones vaginales Newvagin C-Kure. MÉTODOS: Se examinaron 150 mujeres, de edades entre 17 y 74 años, de mayo a octubre de 2007. Se utilizó examen directo, criterios de Amsel y cols, así como prueba de aglutinación al látex. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de las infecciones vaginales estudiadas fue de 62 % al examen directo y de 58,6 % con la prueba de aglutinación al látex. La infección vaginal con mayor prevalencia fue vaginosis bacteriana, seguida de candidiosis vaginal y trichomoniosis vaginal. El grupo de edad con mayor prevalencia de estas infecciones fue el de 28-37 años. La manifestación clínica más frecuente fue la leucorrea. El inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales, la realización del acto sexual sin protección y el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, estuvieron relacionados con la presencia de estas infecciones vaginales. CONCLUSIONES: El uso del Juego de diagnóstico de infecciones vaginales NEWVAGIN C-Kure, en consultorios de médicos de familia, policlínicos comunitarios y consultas de ginecología resulta ventajoso. La realización del diagnóstico por el personal paramédico, su rapidez y la certeza en la indicación del tratamiento médico son los principales factores a considerar.

          Translated abstract

          The infections of female genital tract are a significant problem of gynecologic and obstetric practice. They are cause of morbidity and of mother and neonatal mortality. Among factors explaining its frequency are: provoked abortion, increase of surgical interventions and sexual transmitted infections. OBJECTIVES:To make the diagnosis and to determine the vaginal infections prevalence in women served in Microbiology Laboratory of "Ramón González Coro" using the NEWVAGIN C-Cure diagnosis kit. METHODS: Authors examined to 150 women aged between 17 and 24 from May to October, 2007. Direct examination, Amsel et al criteria and latex agglutination test were used. RESULTS: Prevalence of study vaginal infections was of 62 % in direct examination and of 58.6 % using the latex agglutination test. The more prevalent vaginal infection was the bacterial vaginosis followed by vaginal candidiasis and vaginal trichomoniasis. The more prevalent age group with these infections was that aged 28-37. More frequent clinical manifestation was the leucorrhea. The early onset of sexual intercourse, the intercourse without protection and the use of contraceptive methods were related to presence of these vaginal infections. CONCLUSIONS: The use of NEWVAGIN C-Kure diagnosis kit for vaginal infections in family consulting room, community polyclinics and Gynecology consultations is very advantageous. Making diagnosis by paramedical staff, its speed and accuracy in prescription of medical treatment are the leading factors to be considered.

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          Obstetricia y Ginecología

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            Bacterial vaginosis, vaginal flora patterns and vaginal hygiene practices in patients presenting with vaginal discharge syndrome in The Gambia, West Africa

            Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) – a syndrome characterised by a shift in vaginal flora – appears to be particularly common in sub-Saharan Africa, but little is known of the pattern of vaginal flora associated with BV in Africa. We conducted a study aimed at determining the prevalence of BV and patterns of BV-associated vaginal micro-flora among women with vaginal discharge syndrome (VDS) in The Gambia, West Africa. Methods We enrolled 227 women with VDS from a large genito-urinary medicine clinic in Fajara, The Gambia. BV was diagnosed by the Nugent's score and Amsel's clinical criteria. Vaginal swabs were collected for T vaginalis and vaginal flora microscopy, and for Lactobacillus spp, aerobic organisms, Candida spp and BV-associated bacteria (Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria, and Mycoplasma spp) cultures; and cervical swabs were collected for N gonorrhoeae culture and C trachomatis PCR. Sera were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Sexual health history including details on sexual hygiene were obtained by standardised questionnaire. Results BV prevalence was 47.6% by Nugent's score and 30.8% by Amsel's clinical criteria. Lactobacillus spp were isolated in 37.8% of women, and 70% of the isolates were hydrogen-peroxide (H202)-producing strains. Prevalence of BV-associated bacteria were: G vaginalis 44.4%; Bacteroides 16.7%; Prevotella 15.2%; Peptostretococcus 1.5%; Mobiluncus 0%; other anaerobes 3.1%; and Mycoplasma hominis 21.4%. BV was positively associated with isolation of G vaginalis (odds-ratio [OR] 19.42, 95%CI 7.91 – 47.6) and anaerobes (P = 0.001 [OR] could not be calculated), but not with M hominis. BV was negatively associated with presence of Lactobacillus (OR 0.07, 95%CI 0.03 – 0.15), and H2O2-producing lactobacilli (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.05 – 0.28). Presence of H2O2-producing lactobacilli was associated with significantly lower prevalence of G vaginalis, anaerobes and C trachomatis. HIV prevalence was 12.8%. Overall, there was no association between BV and HIV, and among micro-organisms associated with BV, only Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. were associated with HIV. BV or vaginal flora patterns were not associated with any of the factors relating to sexual hygiene practices (vaginal douching, menstrual hygiene, female genital cutting). Conclusion In this population, BV prevalence was higher than in corresponding populations in industrialised countries, but the pattern of vaginal micro-flora associated with BV was similar. BV or vaginal flora patterns were not associated with HIV nor with any of the vaginal hygiene characteristics.
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              Evaluation of clinical methods for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis.

              To determine whether the current clinical criteria for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis can be simplified by using 2 clinical criteria rather than the standard 3 of 4 criteria (Amsel's criteria). This was a prospective observational study of 269 women undergoing a vaginal examination in the Women's Primary Care Center, Division of Research, or Colposcopy Clinic at Women & Infants Hospital. All 4 clinical criteria for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis were collected, and Gram stain was used as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each individual criterion, combinations of criteria, and a colorimetric pH and amine card. Receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to estimate the preferred pH and percentage of clue cells for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in our study population was 38.7%. Vaginal pH was the most sensitive of all the criteria, at 89%, and a positive amine odor was the individual criteria with the highest specificity, at 93%. Similar specificity was seen with combinations of 2 criteria and Amsel's criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded a preferred pH and percentage of clue cells of 5.0 and 20%, respectively. However, a pH of 4.5 or greater improves sensitivity with minimal loss of specificity. The clinical criteria for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis can be simplified to 2 clinical criteria without loss of sensitivity and specificity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gin
                Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
                Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-3062
                June 2010
                : 36
                : 2
                : 62-103
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina Cuba
                [2 ] Clínica Central Cira García Cuba
                [3 ] Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria Cuba
                Article
                S0138-600X2010000200008
                1f42c90c-a6c6-4d07-b521-36223aed5c81

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0138-600X&lng=en
                Categories
                OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Bacterial vaginosis,vaginal trichomoniasis,vaginal candidiasis,vaginal infections diagnosis,Vaginosis bacteriana,candidiosis vaginal,diagnóstico infecciones vaginales,trichomoniosis vaginal

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