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      Marine Environmental Epigenetics

      1 , 2
      Annual Review of Marine Science
      Annual Reviews

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          Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs.

          Over the last decade, approximately 20-30 nucleotide RNA molecules have emerged as critical regulators in the expression and function of eukaryotic genomes. Two primary categories of these small RNAs--short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)--act in both somatic and germline lineages in a broad range of eukaryotic species to regulate endogenous genes and to defend the genome from invasive nucleic acids. Recent advances have revealed unexpected diversity in their biogenesis pathways and the regulatory mechanisms that they access. Our understanding of siRNA- and miRNA-based regulation has direct implications for fundamental biology as well as disease etiology and treatment.
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            Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas.

            Estuarine and coastal transformation is as old as civilization yet has dramatically accelerated over the past 150 to 300 years. Reconstructed time lines, causes, and consequences of change in 12 once diverse and productive estuaries and coastal seas worldwide show similar patterns: Human impacts have depleted >90% of formerly important species, destroyed >65% of seagrass and wetland habitat, degraded water quality, and accelerated species invasions. Twentieth-century conservation efforts achieved partial recovery of upper trophic levels but have so far failed to restore former ecosystem structure and function. Our results provide detailed historical baselines and quantitative targets for ecosystem-based management and marine conservation.
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              Principles and challenges of genomewide DNA methylation analysis.

              Methylation of cytosine bases in DNA provides a layer of epigenetic control in many eukaryotes that has important implications for normal biology and disease. Therefore, profiling DNA methylation across the genome is vital to understanding the influence of epigenetics. There has been a revolution in DNA methylation analysis technology over the past decade: analyses that previously were restricted to specific loci can now be performed on a genome-scale and entire methylomes can be characterized at single-base-pair resolution. However, there is such a diversity of DNA methylation profiling techniques that it can be challenging to select one. This Review discusses the different approaches and their relative merits and introduces considerations for data analysis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Annual Review of Marine Science
                Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.
                Annual Reviews
                1941-1405
                1941-0611
                January 03 2019
                January 03 2019
                : 11
                : 1
                : 335-368
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Center for Coastal Oceans Research, Institute for Water and Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida 33181, USA;
                [2 ]Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA;
                Article
                10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095114
                29958066
                1f50c3dc-0be5-4ef4-b84f-2e511abbbddb
                © 2019
                History

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