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      Biorremediación de organofosforados por hongos y bacterias en suelos agrícolas: revisión sistemática Translated title: Bioremediation of organophosphates by fungi and bacteria in agricultural soils. A systematic review Translated title: Biorremediação de organofosforados por fungos e bactérias em solos agrícolas: revisão sistemática

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          Abstract

          Los organofosforados son un tipo de plaguicidas ampliamente utilizados en el sector agrícola para el control de plagas. Dado que estos son compuestos químicos altamente tóxicos, su uso excesivo ha causado gran deterioro en los suelos cultivables, así como graves daños para los ecosistemas y la salud humana. La biorremediación surge como una alternativa para transformar los plaguicidas en compuestos más simples y poco contaminantes mediante el uso del potencial metabólico de los microorganismos. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación fue describir los hongos y bacterias involucrados en la biorremediación de los principales plaguicidas organofosforados empleados en suelos agrícolas por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica, con el fin de aportar información útil para la realización de estudios posteriores. Se obtuvo información científica de las bases de datos ScienceDirect y Springer Link, y también información no indexada del buscador Google Scholar. Se encontró que el organofosforado que más se ha estudiado es el clorpirifós (categoría toxicológica III) y los microorganismos que más se utilizan como biorremediadores de organofosforados son los géneros Serratia, Bacillus y Pseudomonas. Se concluye que el éxito de la biorremediación depende de la capacidad competitiva de los microorganismos, de la biodisponibilidad y la concentración del organofosforado, del pH, la temperatura y el tipo de suelo, así como de la presencia de suplementos nutricionales y de la concentración alta del inóculo.

          Translated abstract

          Organophosphates are a type of pesticides widely used in agriculture for pest control. Since these are highly toxic compounds, their excessive use has caused great deterioration of arable soils, as well as serious damage to ecosystems and human health. Bioremediation is used as an alternative way to transform pesticides into simple, less polluting compounds, using the metabolic potential of microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to summarize the fungi and bacteria involved in bioremediation of the main organophosphorus pesticides used in agricultural soils through a systematic review of the scientific literature, in order to provide useful information for conducting further studies. Scientific information was obtained through the use of databases such as ScienceDirect and Springer Link and unindexed information was also gathered from Google Scholar, as a result of this study, it was found that the most studied organophosphate pesticide is chlorpyrifos (Toxicity category III) and microorganisms most commonly used in the bioremediation of organophosphate pesticides belongs to the genera Serratia, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. It is concluded that the success of bioremediation is influenced by the competitive ability of microorganisms, bioavailability and concentration of the organophosphate pesticide in the soil, pH, temperature and soil type, presence of nutritional supplements and high inoculum concentration.

          Translated abstract

          Os organofosforados são um tipo de praguicidas amplamente utilizados no setor agrícola para o controle de pragas. Dado que estes são compostos químicos altamente tóxicos, o uso excessivo destes há causado grande deterioro nos solos cultiváveis, assim como graves danos contra os ecossistemas e na saúde humana. A biorremediação surge como uma alternativa para transformar os praguicidas em compostos mais simples e pouco contaminantes mediante o uso do potencial metabólico dos microrganismos. Pelo anterior, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever os fungos e bactérias envolvidos na biorremediação dos principais praguicidas organofosforados empregados em solos agrícolas por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica, com o fim de aportar informação útil para a realização de estudos posteriores. Obtevese informação científica das bases de datos ScienceDirect e Springer Link, e também informação não indexada do buscador Google Scholar. Encontrou-se que o organofosforado que mais tem-se estudado é clorpirifós (categoria toxicológica III) e os microrganismos que mais se utilizam como biorremediadores de organofosforados são os géneros Serratia, Bacillus e Pseudomonas. Concluise que o sucesso da biorremediação depende da capacidade competitiva dos microrganismos, da biodisponibilidade e a concentração do organofosforado, do pH, a temperatura e o tipo de solo, assim como da presença de suplementos nutricionais e da concentração alta do inóculo.

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          Most cited references54

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          Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and its hydrolysis product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by Bacillus pumilus strain C2A1.

          A bacterial strain C2A1 isolated from soil was found highly effective in degrading chlorpyrifos and its first hydrolysis metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). On the basis of morphology, physiological characteristics, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, strain C2A1 was identified as Bacillus pumilus. Role of strain C2A1 in the degradation of chlorpyrifos was examined under different culture conditions like pH, inoculum density, presence of added carbon/nutrient sources and pesticide concentration. Chlorpyrifos was utilized by strain C2A1 as the sole source of carbon and energy as well as it was co-metabolized in the presence of glucose, yeast extract and nutrient broth. Maximum pesticide degradation was observed at high pH (8.5) and high inoculum density when chlorpyrifos was used as the sole source and energy. In the presence of other nutrients, chlorpyrifos degradation was enhanced probably due to high growth on easily metabolizable compounds which in turn increased degradation. The strain C2A1 showed 90% degradation of TCP (300 mg L(-1)) within 8 days of incubation.
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            Biodegradation and bioremediation potential of diazinon-degrading Serratia marcescens to remove other organophosphorus pesticides from soils.

            The ability of diazinon-degrading Serratia marcescens to remove organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), i.e. chlorpyrifos (CP), fenitrothion (FT), and parathion (PT) was studied in a mineral salt medium (MSM) and in three soils of different characteristics. This strain was capable of using all insecticides at concentration of 50 mg/l as the only carbon source when grown in MSM, and 58.9%, 70.5%, and 82.5% of the initial dosage of CP, FT, and PT, respectively was degraded within 14 days. The biodegradation experiment showed that autochthonous microflora in all soils was characterized by a degradation potential of all tested OPPs; however, the initial lag phases for degradation of CP and FT, especially in sandy soil, were observed. During the 42-day experiment, 45.3%, 61.4% and 72.5% of the initial dose of CP, FT, and PT, respectively, was removed in sandy soil whereas the degradation of CP, FT, and PT in the same period, in sandy loam and silty soils reached 61.4%, 79.7% and 64.2%, and 68.9%, 81.0% and 63.6%, respectively. S. marcescens introduced into sterile soils showed a higher degradation potential (5-13%) for OPPs removal than those observed in non-sterile soil with naturally occurring attenuation. Inoculation of non-sterile soils with S. marcescens enhanced the disappearance rates of all insecticides, and DT50 for CP, FT, and PT was reduced by 20.7, 11.3 and 13.0 days, and 11.9, 7.0 and 8.1 days, and 9.7, 14.5 and 12.6 days in sandy, sandy loam, and silty soils, respectively, in comparison with non-sterile soils with only indigenous microflora. This ability of S. marcescens makes it a suitable strain for bioremediation of soils contaminated with OPPs. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Chlorpyrifos biodegradation and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol production by actinobacteria isolated from soil

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ccta
                Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria
                Corpoica cienc. tecnol. agropecu.
                Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica (Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0122-8706
                January 2017
                : 18
                : 1
                : 138-159
                Affiliations
                [02] Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Investigadora Grupo de Investigación Salud y Sostenibilidad Colombia nandrea.alvarez@ 123456udea.edu.co
                [03] Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Investigadora Grupo de Investigación Salud y Sostenibilidad Colombia leonardo.rios@ 123456udea.edu.co
                [01] Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Investigadora Grupo de Investigación Salud y Sostenibilidad Colombia ginamaria.hernandezr@ 123456udea.edu.co
                Article
                S0122-87062017000100009
                10.21930/rcta.vol18_num1_art:564
                1f5eff82-099a-4371-b4c1-dadb24ee0c65

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 November 2015
                : 13 July 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 22
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                degradação,microorganismos,praguicidas,plaguicidas,degradación,pesticides,degradation,microorganisms,suelos agrícolas,agricultural soils,microrganismos,solos agrícolas

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