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      Experiencia en Nefrectomía Parcial y Enucleación de Tumor Renal Laparoscópico “Zero Isquemia”, en Cochabamba, Bolivia Translated title: Experience in Partial Nephrectomy and Enucleation of Laparoscopic Renal Tumor "Zero ischemia", in Cochabamba, Bolivia

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          Abstract

          Resumen El manejo quirúrgico de los tumores renales pequeños es la cirugía conservadora de nefronas, este tipo de manejo se reservaba para pacientes seleccionados, con riñón solitario, enfermedad renal crónica o tumores bilaterales. La evidencia sugiere que la nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica es equivalente en términos de resultados oncológicos y superior en las mediciones de calidad de vida comparada al abordaje abierto. Objetivos: determinar los resultados oncológicos en cuanto a bordes libres del tumor y complicaciones quirúrgicas en pacientes sometidos a nefrectomía parcial y enucleación de tumor renal laparoscópico “Zero isquemia”. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo, observacional, y comparativo, universo pacientes de la Clínica privada Los Ángeles y de la Caja Nacional de Salud, Hospital Obrero Nº2, Cochabamba, Bolivia, que fueron sometidos a nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica, se agruparon en dos grupos: Grupo I: nefrectomía parcial y Grupo II: enucleación, se analizaron: tamaño y localización del tumor, RENAL score, tiempo quirúrgico, sangrado, días de estancia, complicaciones y reporte histopatológico. Se utilizó el SPSS versión 20 (IBM, Chicago, IL). Resultados: se evaluaron 17 pacientes, 3 fueron excluidos por terminar en cirugía radical, 6 parciales (Grupo I) y 8 enucleaciones (Grupo II). Edad promedio de 45,7 (± 8,6) vs 51,2 (± 6,3) años. Tamaño del tumor 7,8 (2,5-10) vs 3,2 (1-5,7) cm, El RENAL score en global de todos los pacientes fue de baja a moderada, se realizó un análisis por separado, en el grupo I, la distribución fue complejidad baja n=2 (33,3%), moderada n= 1 (16,7%) y alta n= 3 (50%), en el grupo II, baja complejidad n=5 (62,5%), moderada n=2 (25%), alta complejidad n= 1 (12,5%). Hubo diferencias a favor del grupo II (enucleación) en cuanto a tiempo quirúrgico y sangrado transoperatorio, presentando solo 1 caso con fuga urinaria, resuelta con colocación de catéter JJ, se evidencia iguales tiempos de estancia intrahospitalaria, en cuanto a los bordes quirúrgicos, se tuvo 2 (14,2%) casos con bordes positivos 1 para cada abordaje, los cuales se mantienen en vigilancia estrecha. Conclusiones: el abordaje laparoscópico es una opción equiparable al abierto, se obtuvieron iguales resultados en cuanto a control oncológico en relación a bordes libres y con menos complicaciones, aunque se requiere experiencia en cirugía laparoscópica y aumentar el seguimiento en tiempo y mayor número de casos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Surgical management of small renal tumors involves nephron-sparing surgery, which used to be reserved for selected patients with a solitary kidney, chronic kidney disease or bilateral tumors. Evidence suggests that laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is equivalent to the open approach in terms of oncologic outcomes and superior in quality of life measures. Objectives: to determine oncologic outcomes regarding tumor free edges and surgical complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic "Zero ischemia" partial nephrectomy and enucleation of renal tumor. Methodology: retrospective, observational, and comparative study, with a universe of patients from Los Angeles private clinic and Caja Nacional de Salud, Hospital Obrero Nº2, Cochabamba, Bolivia, who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, were grouped in two groups: Group I: partial nephrectomy and Group II: enucleation. The following were analyzed: tumor size and location, RENAL score, surgical time, bleeding, days of stay, complications and histopathological report. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis. Results: seventeen patients were evaluated, 3 were excluded due to completion of radical surgery, 6 partial nephrectomies (Group I) and 8 enucleations (Group II). Mean age 45.7 (± 8.6) vs 51.2 (± 6.3) years. Tumor size 7.8 (2.5-10) vs 3.2 (1-5.7) cm, The overall RENAL score of all patients was low to moderate, a separate analysis was performed, in group I, the distribution was low complexity 2 (33.3%), moderate n=1 (16.7%) and high n=3 (50%), in group II, low complexity n=5 (62.5%), moderate n=2 (25%), high complexity n=1 (12.5%). There were differences in favor of group II (enucleation) in terms of surgical time and transoperative bleeding, presenting only 1 case with urinary leakage, resolved with placement of a JJ catheter. In terms of surgical edges, there were 2 (14.2%) cases with positive edges, 1 for each approach, which are kept under close surveillance. Conclusions: laparoscopic approach is an option comparable to the open one, equal results were obtained with respect to oncologic control in relation to free edges and with fewer complications, although experience in laparoscopic surgery is required, as well as an increase in follow-up time and a greater number of cases.

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          Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2014, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2015, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2018, 1,735,350 new cancer cases and 609,640 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2005-2014) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men, while the cancer death rate (2006-2015) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. The combined cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2015 by a total of 26%, translating to approximately 2,378,600 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Of the 10 leading causes of death, only cancer declined from 2014 to 2015. In 2015, the cancer death rate was 14% higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) overall (death rate ratio [DRR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.13-1.15), but the racial disparity was much larger for individuals aged <65 years (DRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.29-1.32) compared with those aged ≥65 years (DRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09) and varied substantially by state. For example, the cancer death rate was lower in NHBs than NHWs in Massachusetts for all ages and in New York for individuals aged ≥65 years, whereas for those aged <65 years, it was 3 times higher in NHBs in the District of Columbia (DRR, 2.89; 95% CI, 2.16-3.91) and about 50% higher in Wisconsin (DRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.56-2.02), Kansas (DRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25-1.81), Louisiana (DRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.38-1.60), Illinois (DRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.39-1.57), and California (DRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.38-1.54). Larger racial inequalities in young and middle-aged adults probably partly reflect less access to high-quality health care. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:7-30. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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            Although quality assessment is gaining increasing attention, there is still no consensus on how to define and grade postoperative complications. This shortcoming hampers comparison of outcome data among different centers and therapies and over time. A classification of complications published by one of the authors in 1992 was critically re-evaluated and modified to increase its accuracy and its acceptability in the surgical community. Modifications mainly focused on the manner of reporting life-threatening and permanently disabling complications. The new grading system still mostly relies on the therapy used to treat the complication. The classification was tested in a cohort of 6336 patients who underwent elective general surgery at our institution. The reproducibility and personal judgment of the classification were evaluated through an international survey with 2 questionnaires sent to 10 surgical centers worldwide. The new ranking system significantly correlated with complexity of surgery (P < 0.0001) as well as with the length of the hospital stay (P < 0.0001). A total of 144 surgeons from 10 different centers around the world and at different levels of training returned the survey. Ninety percent of the case presentations were correctly graded. The classification was considered to be simple (92% of the respondents), reproducible (91%), logical (92%), useful (90%), and comprehensive (89%). The answers of both questionnaires were not dependent on the origin of the reply and the level of training of the surgeons. The new complication classification appears reliable and may represent a compelling tool for quality assessment in surgery in all parts of the world.
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              EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2014 update.

              The European Association of Urology Guideline Panel for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) has prepared evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for RCC management.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gmb
                Gaceta Médica Boliviana
                Gac Med Bol
                Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón (Cochabamba, , Bolivia )
                1012-2966
                2227-3662
                2022
                : 45
                : 1
                : 23-28
                Affiliations
                [1] Cochabamba orgnameCaja Nacional de Salud orgdiv1Hospital Obrero N°2 Bolivia
                [2] Quito orgnameHospital Metropolitano Ecuador
                [3] orgnameInstituto Gastroenterológico Boliviano-Japonés
                Article
                S1012-29662022000100023 S1012-2966(22)04500100023
                10.47993/gmb.v45i1.367
                1f639dfc-11e4-4c38-b733-fb75ecd2d2cd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 February 2022
                : 22 April 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia

                Categories
                Artículo Original

                cáncer renal,laparoscopia,nefrectomía,técnica de enucleación,renal cancer,laparoscopy,heminephrectomy,enucleation technique

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