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      Taxonomy of Arabian Temnothorax Mayr (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) with description of a new species enhanced by x-ray microtomography

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          Abstract

          Temnothorax elmenshawyi sp. n., a new ant species from the Asir Mountains of the southwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is described based on the worker caste. The new species is a member of the T. exilis species group and is distinguished from the other species included in this group by the impressed metanotal groove, the short, acute and broadly-based propodeal spines, the finely punctate posterior half of cephalic surface, and absence of a median clypeal carina. Despite extensive collecting by the authors at the type locality, only two specimens are available for description, suggesting that this species may be rare and likely endemic to the Asir Mountains. The species description is complemented by still images of volume renderings of a 3D model and a 3D rotation video of the holotype based on x-ray microtomography (micro-CT), allowing remote in-depth examination of the specimen. The virtual micro-CT data is provided as cybertype dataset and freely available online 10.5061/dryad.4gg39k6, as well as 3D surface model (Sketchfab.com, https://skfb.ly/6HYRz). An updated identification key to the Arabian species is presented.

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          The promise of DNA barcoding for taxonomy.

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            Integrative taxonomy: a multisource approach to exploring biodiversity.

            Good alpha taxonomy is central to biology. On the basis of a survey of arthropod studies that used multiple disciplines for species delimitation, we evaluated the performance of single disciplines. All included disciplines had a considerable failure rate. Rigor in species delimitation can thus be increased when several disciplines chosen for complementarity are used. We present a flexible procedure and stopping rule for integrative taxonomy that uses the information from different disciplines separately. Disagreement among disciplines over the number and demarcation of species is resolved by elucidating and invoking evolutionary explanations for disagreement. With the identification of further promising study organisms and of new questions for in-depth analysis, evolutionary biology should profit from integrative taxonomy. An important rationale is clarity in researcher bias in the decision-making process. The success of integrative taxonomy will further increase through methodological progress, taxonomic training of evolutionary biologists, and balanced resource allocation.
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              The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                antsharaf@gmail.com
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                29 July 2019
                29 July 2019
                2019
                : 9
                : 11009
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1773 5396, GRID grid.56302.32, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, , King Saud University, ; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [2 ]Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College, Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir 192303 India
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9805 2626, GRID grid.250464.1, Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, ; Okinawa, Japan
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-0705
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0721-6632
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7402-0432
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2506-9840
                Article
                47260
                10.1038/s41598-019-47260-y
                6662808
                31358795
                1f69e000-765b-40e7-87a4-a0b31ce09536
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 12 March 2019
                : 11 July 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011665, KSU | Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University (Deanship of Scientific Research);
                Award ID: RG-1438-010
                Award ID: RG-1438-010
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
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                © The Author(s) 2019

                Uncategorized
                zoology,entomology
                Uncategorized
                zoology, entomology

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