9
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Mecanismos fisiopatológicos del desbalance glomérulo-tubular en la hipertensión arterial Translated title: Pathophysiological mechanisms of the lack of glomerulus-tubule balance in arterial high blood pressure

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Las actuales tendencias e hipótesis para interpretar los mecanismos etiopatogénicos de la hipertensión arterial esencial, involucran al sistema renal como mecanismo preponderante en la regulación a largo plazo de la presión arterial y la existencia en él de algún fenómeno que puede conllevar a desbalance glomérulo-tubular, con preponderancia tubular Aunque el análisis de este último hecho no ha sido como tal abordado en la patogénesis del síndrome hipertensivo. Con el objetivo de interpretar el papel del desbalance glomérulo-tubular, con preponderancia tubular en la fisiopatología de la hipertensión arterial como fenómeno en el que confluyen múltiples mecanismos fisiopatológicos renales ya descritos, se revisaron estos últimos, de forma integrada y su relación causal con el desbalance glomérulo-tubular, con preponderancia tubular. La preponderancia tubular, punto común de los mecanismos que se discuten, favorece la disminución de la excreción fraccional de Na+, la retención hidrosalina y la elevación de la presión arterial.

          Translated abstract

          The current trends and hypotheses to know the etiopathogenesis mechanisms of the essential arterial high blood pressure involved the renal system as a prevailing mechanism in the long-term regulation of arterial pressure and the existence in it of some phenomenon that could lead to a glomerulus-tubule lack of balance with tubular preponderance. Although the analysis of this latter fact, has not been approached as such in pathogenesis of hypertensive syndrome. With the aim of to interpret the role of glomerulus-tubule lack of balance with tubular preponderance in pathophysiology of arterial high blood pressure as a phenomenon in which converging multiple renal pathophysiological mechanisms already described, these latter were reviewed in a integrated way and its causal relation with the above mentioned lack of balance with tubular preponderance. This preponderance, a common point of discussed mechanisms, favors the decrease of a fractional releasing of Na+, the hydrosaline retention and the raise of arterial pressure.

          Related collections

          Most cited references81

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system: from physiology to the pathobiology of hypertension and kidney disease.

          In recent years, the focus of interest on the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathophysiology of hypertension and organ injury has changed to a major emphasis on the role of the local RAS in specific tissues. In the kidney, all of the RAS components are present and intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) is formed by independent multiple mechanisms. Proximal tubular angiotensinogen, collecting duct renin, and tubular angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors are positively augmented by intrarenal Ang II. In addition to the classic RAS pathways, prorenin receptors and chymase are also involved in local Ang II formation in the kidney. Moreover, circulating Ang II is actively internalized into proximal tubular cells by AT1 receptor-dependent mechanisms. Consequently, Ang II is compartmentalized in the renal interstitial fluid and the proximal tubular compartments with much higher concentrations than those existing in the circulation. Recent evidence has also revealed that inappropriate activation of the intrarenal RAS is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal injury. Thus, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms responsible for independent regulation of the intrarenal RAS. In this review, we will briefly summarize our current understanding of independent regulation of the intrarenal RAS and discuss how inappropriate activation of this system contributes to the development and maintenance of hypertension and renal injury. We will also discuss the impact of antihypertensive agents in preventing the progressive increases in the intrarenal RAS during the development of hypertension and renal injury.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Rostafuroxin: an ouabain antagonist that corrects renal and vascular Na+-K+- ATPase alterations in ouabain and adducin-dependent hypertension.

            The genetic and environmental heterogeneity of essential hypertension is responsible for the individual variability of antihypertensive therapy. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying hypertension and related organ complications is a key aspect for developing new, effective, and safe antihypertensive agents able to cure the cause of the disease. Two mechanisms, among others, are involved in determining the abnormalities of tubular Na+ reabsorption observed in essential hypertension: the polymorphism of the cytoskeletal protein alpha-adducin and the increased circulating levels of endogenous ouabain (EO). Both lead to increased activity and expression of the renal Na+-K+ pump, the driving force for tubular Na transport. Morphological and functional vascular alterations have also been associated with EO. Rostafuroxin (PST 2238) is a new oral antihypertensive agent able to selectively antagonize EO, adducin pressor, and molecular effects. It is endowed with high potency and efficacy in reducing blood pressure and preventing organ hypertrophy in animal models representative of both adducin and EO mechanisms. At molecular level, in the kidney, Rostafuroxin antagonizes EO triggering of the Src-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr)-dependent signaling pathway leading to renal Na+-K+ pump, and ERK tyrosine phosphorylation and activation. In the vasculature, it normalizes the increased myogenic tone caused by nanomolar ouabain. A very high safety ratio and an absence of interaction with other mechanisms involved in blood pressure regulation, together with initial evidence of high tolerability and efficacy in hypertensive patients, indicate Rostafuroxin as the first example of a new class of antihypertensive agents designed to antagonize adducin and EO-hypertensive mechanisms.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              How does salt retention raise blood pressure?

              A critical question in hypertension research is: How is long-term blood pressure controlled? Excessive NaCl ingestion or NaCl retention by the kidneys and the consequent tendency toward plasma volume expansion lead to hypertension. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms linking salt to high blood pressure are unresolved. The discovery of endogenous ouabain, an adrenocortical hormone, provided an important clue. Ouabain, a selective Na+ pump inhibitor, has cardiotonic and vasotonic effects. Plasma endogenous ouabain levels are significantly elevated in approximately 40% of patients with essential hypertension and in animals with several forms of salt-dependent hypertension. Also, prolonged ouabain administration induces hypertension in rodents. Mice with mutant Na+ pumps or Na/Ca exchangers (NCX) and studies with a ouabain antagonist and an NCX blocker are revealing the missing molecular mechanisms. These data demonstrate that alpha2 Na+ pumps and NCX1 participate in long-term regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Pharmacological agents or mutations in the alpha2 Na+ pump that interfere with the action of ouabain on the pump, and reduced NCX1 expression or agents that block NCX all impede the development of salt-dependent or ouabain-induced hypertension. Conversely, nanomolar ouabain, reduced alpha2 Na+ pump expression, and smooth muscle-specific overexpression of NCX1 all induce hypertension. Furthermore, ouabain and reduced alpha2 Na+ pump expression increase myogenic tone in isolated mesenteric small arteries in vitro, thereby tying these effects directly to the elevation of blood pressure. Thus, endogenous ouabain, and vascular alpha2 Na+ pumps and NCX1, are critical links between salt and hypertension. New pharmacological agents that act on these molecular links have potential in the clinical management of hypertension.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ibi
                Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas
                Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd
                ECIMED (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-3011
                December 2010
                : 29
                : 4
                : 463-478
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Cabrera. Cuba
                [2 ] FCM Salvador Allende. Cuba
                [3 ] ICBP Victoria de Girón. Cuba
                [4 ] ELAM. Cuba
                Article
                S0864-03002010000400007
                1f7139f3-a1b0-46cc-8310-aece1d7831a9

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0864-0300&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

                Medicine
                Tubular-glomerular lack of balance,arterial high blood pressure and kidney,tubular function and high blood pressure,desbalance glomérulo tubular,hipertensión arterial y riñón,función tubular e hipertensión

                Comments

                Comment on this article