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      CALIDAD COMPOSICIONAL E HIGIÉNICA DE LA LECHE CRUDA RECIBIDA EN INDUSTRIAS LÁCTEAS DE SUCRE, COLOMBIA Translated title: QUALIDADE COMPOSICIONAL E HIGIÊNICO RECEBIDO EM LEITE CRU INDÚSTRIAS LATICÍNIOS SUCRE, COLÔMBIA Translated title: COMPOSITIONAL AND HYGIENIC QUALITY OF RAW MILK RECEIVED IN DAIRIES IN SUCRE, COLOMBIA

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          Abstract

          Se evaluó la calidad composicional e higiénica de la leche cruda recibida en industrias lecheras de Sucre. 179 muestras fueron evaluadas, en época de verano e invierno de 2008, mediante la determinación de densidad, acidez, alcoholimetría, porcentaje de grasa, proteína y sólidos totales, recuento de aerobios mesófilos, coliformes, coliformes fecales, Staphylococcusaureus y detección de Salmonellaspp. Los datos fueron procesados en SPSSS 15,0 con nivel de confianza del 95%. Se encontróalta acidez y alcoholimetría siendo mayor en verano. Sin embargo, el contenido de grasa, proteínas y sólidos totales indican una calidad composicional estándar, según lo establecido en el Decreto 616/2006. La calidad higiénica fue deficiente, mostrando altos recuentos de aerobios mesófilos, coliformes,coliformes fecales y S.aureus. Se estableció que existen diferencias significativas en los recuentos microbiológicos obtenidos en verano e invierno, siendo éstos mayores en verano. Así mismo,hubo presencia de Salmonellaspp. en 4,4 y 1,8% de las muestras en verano e invierno, respectivamente. Se concluyó que existe una deficiente calidad higiénica de la leche relacionada con las condiciones inapropiadas de manipulación a través de la cadena productiva. Sin embargo, su calidad composicional resultó ser estándar gracias a los porcentajes de grasa, sólidos totales y proteína.

          Translated abstract

          Foi avaliada a qualidade composicional e higiênica do leite cru recebido nas indústrias leiteiras de Sucre. Neste caso, 179 amostras foram testadas, na época de verão e inverno de 2008, através da determinação de densidade, acidez, alcoometria,percentagem de gordura, proteína e sólidos totais, contagem de aeróbios mesófilos, coliformes, coliformes fecais, Staphylococcus aureus e detecção de Salmonella spp. Os dados foram processados em SPSSS 15,0 com um nível de confiança de 95%. Foi encontrada uma acidez elevada e alcoometria sendo maior em verão. No entanto, o conteúdo de gordura, de proteínas, e sólidos totais indicam padrão de qualidade composicional, tal como foi estabelecido no Decreto 616/2006. A qualidade higiênicafoi deficiente, mostrando altas contagens de aeróbios mesófilos, coliformes, coliformes fecais e S. aureus. Foi estabelecido que existem diferenças significativas nas contagens microbiológicas obtidas no verão e inverno, sendo estas maiores no verão. Da mesma maneira, houve presença de Salmonella spp. em 4,4 e 1,8% das amostras feitas no verão e inverno, respectivamente. Concluiu-se assim, que a qualidade higiénica do leite é pobre,a causa das condições impróprias de manipulação através da cadeia de produção. No entanto,sua qualidade composicional,constitui-se padrão, pelas porcentagens de gordura, proteína e sólidos totais.

          Translated abstract

          The compositional and hygienic quality of raw milk received in dairies in Sucre was evaluated, Colombia. During the summer and winter of 2008, 179 samples were taken. The evaluation was done by determining density, acidity, and alcoholometry, percentage of fat, protein and total solids, mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus counts and detection of Salmonella spp. The data were processed in SPSSS 15.0 with a confidence level of 95%.High acidity and alcoholometry were found being higher in summer. However, the mean values of fat, protein and total solids indicated a standard compositional quality with values above the parameters established by 616/2006 Decree.The hygienic quality was poor, showing high aerobic mesophilic, coliforms, fecal coliforms, and S. aureus counts. Likewise, it was found significant differences in microbial counts from the two sampling periods, being higher in summer. It was founded the presence of Salmonella spp. at 4,4% and 1,8% of the samples in summer and winter, respectively. There was a poor hygienic quality of raw milk related to improper handling conditions through the production chain. However, the compositional quality of raw milk was found to be standard due to the percentages of fat, protein and total solids.

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          Mastitis impact on technological properties of milk and quality of milk products—a review

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            Aerobic bacterial, coliform, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus counts of raw and processed milk from selected smallholder dairy farms of Zimbabwe.

            A cross sectional study was conducted to enumerate total viable bacteria (TBC), coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in raw (n=120) and processed (n=20) milk from individual farms from three smallholder dairy schemes of Zimbabwe between October, 2009 and February, 2010. Data on management factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. A standard pour plate technique was used to enumerate total viable bacteria, while for coliforms, E. coli and S. aureus, counts were assessed by the spread plate technique. The association of total viable bacterial counts and management factors was assessed using univariable and a linear regression model. The log₁₀ TBC for raw milk differed significantly (P 0.05). The coliform, E. coli and S. aureus counts for raw milk significantly differed (P<0.05) amongst the study areas. The variation in TBC, coliforms, E. coli and S. aureus counts amongst the schemes could be attributed to differences in milking hygiene where farms with more access to training and monitoring of microbiological quality of milk had lower counts. Linear regression analysis revealed dairy scheme, delivery time and season of milking as independently associated with increased TBC of raw milk. The high TBC of raw and processed milk generally indicated low levels of milking hygienic practices, and high level of post-processing contamination, respectively. The high TBC, coliform, E. coli and S. aureus counts of both raw and processed milk may present a public health hazard. Thus, educating the farmers on general hygienic practices, quickening the delivery of milk to collection centres, or availing cooling facilities on-farm will improve the microbiological quality and safety of milk. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Microbiology of raw milk in New Zealand.

              The results of this study demonstrate the occurrence of the non-spore-forming pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (total count and O157:H7), Listeria, Campylobacter and Salmonella, in New Zealand's raw milk supply. Samples of raw milk were collected monthly within five major dairying regions over one year. Each month, samples from five randomly selected farm vats in each region were collected for analysis (297 samples in total). Methods based on plate count techniques were used to enumerate S. aureus and E. coli. Enrichment methods in combination with a modified most probable number detection method were used to monitor samples for the presence of E. coli O157:H7, Listeria, Campylobacter and Salmonella. Salmonella was not detected in this study, and Campylobacter was isolated once (0.34%). E. coli was present at 1 but <100 cfu/ml in 60% of samples and on one occasion (0.34%) S. aureus exceeded 10(4)cfu/ml. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 0.68% of samples and L. innocua was present in 4% of samples. The results demonstrate that raw milk sampled from farm vats in New Zealand, as in other countries, inevitably contains recognised pathogens and, hence, control by pasteurisation or an equivalent treatment of raw milk remains paramount. Even so, the prevalence of most of these pathogens was lower than those reported in many of the studies performed in other countries.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bsaa
                Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial
                Rev.Bio.Agro
                Taller Editorial Universidad del Cauca (Popayán, Cauca, Colombia )
                1692-3561
                December 2013
                : 11
                : 2
                : 93-100
                Affiliations
                [02] Sincelejo orgnameUniversidad de Sucre orgdiv1Facultad de Ingenierías Colombia
                [01] Manizales orgnameUniversidad de Caldas orgdiv1Facultad de Ingenierías orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación en Cromatografía y Técnicas Afines (GICTA) Colombia
                Article
                S1692-35612013000200011 S1692-3561(13)01100211
                1f882b4b-04fd-4b0e-b773-7e0df79ec290

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 January 2014
                : 18 September 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Articulos Originales

                Análisis Microbiológico,Food Legislation,Quality Control,Physicochemical Analysis,Microbiological Analysis,Legislaçãosobre alimentos,Controle de Qualidade,Análise Físico-Química,Análise Microbiológica,Legislación sobre alimentos,Control de Calidad,Análisis Fisicoquímico

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