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      Open by default, closed when necessary: the case for data in research Translated title: Obert per defecte, tancat quan sigui necessari: el cas de les dades de la recerca Translated title: Abierto por defecto, cerrado cuando sea necesario: el caso de los datos de investigación

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          Abstract

          Abstract The latest decisions on policies from research funders have been aimed at promoting open dissemination of research outputs, available to everyone, without any restriction, and allowing their reuse. These policies, which began to be applied to publications, have been spread to research data, a well appreciated good among researchers who do not easily get rid of it. The requirement of sharing data has opened a debate on what to share and how to do it. In addition, there have been reluctances, some of them shielded from the fact that some data would never be open due to its nature: personal or sensitive data. In this text we want to clarify some aspects of these policies addressed to open data whenever it is possible and close them when it is necessary.

          Translated abstract

          Resum Les darreres decisions polítiques dels agents finançadors de la recerca han estat encaminades a fomentar la difusió dels resultats en obert, és a dir a oferir-los a tothom, sense cap mena de restricció, i permetent-ne la reutilització. Aquestes polítiques que van començar aplicant-se a les publicacions, s'han estès a les dades, un bé molt preuat entre els investigadors als quals no els és fàcil desprendre-se'n. El fet d'haver de compartir les dades ha obert un debat sobre quines dades cal compartir i com s'ha de fer-ho. A més, han sorgit moltes reticències algunes de les quals s'han escudat en el fet que hi ha dades que difícilment es podran oferir mai en obert atesa la seva naturalesa: dades personals o sensibles. En aquest text volem aclarir alguns aspectes d'aquestes polítiques encaminades a obrir les dades sempre que sigui possible i a tancar-les quan calgui.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Las últimas decisiones políticas de los agentes financiadores de la investigación han sido encaminadas a fomentar la difusión de los resultados en abierto, es decir a ofrecerlos a todo el mundo, sin ningún tipo de restricción, y permitiendo la reutilización. Estas políticas que empezaron aplicándose a las publicaciones, se han extendido a los datos, un bien muy preciado entre los investigadores a los cuales no les es fácil desprenderse. El hecho de tener que compartir los datos ha abierto un debate sobre qué datos hay que compartir y cómo se tiene que hacer. Además, han surgido muchas reticencias algunas de las cuales se han escudado en el hecho que hay datos que difícilmente se podrán ofrecer nunca en abierto dada su naturaleza: datos personales o sensibles. En este texto queremos aclarar algunos aspectos de estas políticas encaminadas a abrir los datos siempre que sea posible y a cerrarlos cuando sea necesario.

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          The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open Access: an evidence-based review

          Ongoing debates surrounding Open Access to the scholarly literature are multifaceted and complicated by disparate and often polarised viewpoints from engaged stakeholders. At the current stage, Open Access has become such a global issue that it is critical for all involved in scholarly publishing, including policymakers, publishers, research funders, governments, learned societies, librarians, and academic communities, to be well-informed on the history, benefits, and pitfalls of Open Access. In spite of this, there is a general lack of consensus regarding the advantages or disadvantages of Open Access at multiple levels. This review aims to to be a resource for current knowledge on the impacts of Open Access by synthesizing important research in three major areas of impact: academic, economic and societal. While there is clearly much scope for additional research, several key trends are identified, including a broad citation advantage for researchers who publish openly, as well as additional benefits to the non-academic dissemination of their work. The economic case for Open Access is less well-understood, although it is clear that access to the research literature is key for innovative enterprises, and a range of governmental and non-governmental services. Furthermore, Open Access has the potential to save publishers and research funders considerable amounts of financial resources. The social case for Open Access is strong, in particular for advancing citizen science initiatives, and leveling the playing field for researchers in developing countries. Open Access supersedes all potential alternative modes of access to the scholarly literature through enabling unrestricted re-use, and long-term stability independent of financial constraints of traditional publishers that impede knowledge sharing. Open Access remains only one of the multiple challenges that the scholarly publishing system is currently facing. Yet, it provides one foundation for increasing engagement with researchers regarding ethical standards of publishing. We recommend that Open Access supporters focus their efforts on working to establish viable new models and systems of scholarly communication, rather than trying to undermine the existing ones as part of the natural evolution of the scholarly ecosystem. Based on this, future research should investigate the wider impacts of an ecosystem-wide transformation to a system of Open Research.
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            Sharing Research Data and Intellectual Property Law: A Primer

            Sharing research data by depositing it in connection with a published article or otherwise making data publicly available sometimes raises intellectual property questions in the minds of depositing researchers, their employers, their funders, and other researchers who seek to reuse research data. In this context or in the drafting of data management plans, common questions are (1) what are the legal rights in data; (2) who has these rights; and (3) how does one with these rights use them to share data in a way that permits or encourages productive downstream uses? Leaving to the side privacy and national security laws that regulate sharing certain types of data, this Perspective explains how to work through the general intellectual property and contractual issues for all research data.
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              Data sharing

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bioetica
                Revista de Bioética y Derecho
                Rev. Bioética y Derecho
                Observatori de Bioètica i Dret - Cátedra UNESCO de Bioética (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1886-5887
                2017
                : 0
                : 41
                : 57-66
                Affiliations
                [1] Cataluña orgnameUniversitat de Barcelona orgdiv1Oficina de Difusión del Conocimiento del Centro de Recursos para el Aprendizaje y la Investigación (CRAI) Spain
                Article
                S1886-58872017000300005
                1fd73c57-091b-4a6b-a371-48eb7c5bf823

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 June 2017
                : 03 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                datos,investigación,acceso abierto,dades,recerca,accés obert,data,research,open access

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