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      Obesidad, estigma relacionado con el peso y su asociación con la percepción de la calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios chilenos Translated title: Obesity, weight-related stigma and its association with the perception of quality of life in Chilean university students

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: el efecto de la exposición al estigma relacionado con el peso en la calidad de vida de los jóvenes con obesidad ha recibido poca atención. Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de estigma relacionado con el peso y analizar su asociación con la obesidad y la percepción de la calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios de Valparaíso, Chile. Metodología: estudio de tipo correlacional y diseño transversal. Participaron 262 estudiantes universitarios, de 18 a 29 años de edad, matriculados en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad pública de Valparaíso, Chile. La calidad de vida se evaluó con la escala WHOQOL-BREF; el estigma relacionado con el peso, con el Inventario breve de Situaciones Estigmatizantes (SSI); y el estado nutricional, con la clasificación del índice de masa corporal (IMC). La aplicación de los cuestionarios fue en línea y las respuestas fueron anónimas. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple para evaluar la asociación entre las variables, ajustados por sexo y edad. Resultados: la prevalencia de estigma relacionado con el peso fue del 13,2 % en eutróficos, 24,4 % en sobrepesos y 68,0 % en obesos. El estigma relacionado con el peso, más que la obesidad en sí misma, se asoció con una peor salud física percibida (OR: 4,30; 95 % IC: 2,10-8,80), salud psicológica (OR: 4,51; 95 % IC: 2,20-9,26), relaciones sociales (OR: 3,21; 95 % IC: 1,56-6,60) y ambiente (OR: 2,86; 95 % IC: 1,33-6,14). Conclusiones: los estudiantes expuestos a situaciones estigmatizantes relacionadas con el peso tuvieron una peor percepción de su calidad de vida en comparación con aquellos no estigmatizados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: little attention has been paid to the effect of exposure to weight-related stigma on the quality of life of young Chileans with obesity. Objective: to identify the prevalence of weight-related stigma and to analyze its association with obesity and the perception of quality of life in university students from Valparaíso, Chile. Methods: correlational type study and cross-sectional design. Two hundred and sixty-two university students participated, from 18 to 29 years old, matriculated in the Faculty of Health Sciences of a public university in Valparaíso, Chile. Quality of life was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF scale, weight-related stigma with the Brief Stigmatizing Situations Inventory (SSI), and nutritional status with body mass index (BMI) classification. The application of the questionnaires was on-line and the answers were anonymous. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the variables, adjusted for gender and age. Results: the prevalence of stigma related to weight was 13,2 % in eutrophic, 24,4 % in overweight and 68,0 % in obese. Weight-related stigma, rather than obesity itself, is associated with poorer perceived physical health (OR: 4.30; 95 % CI: 2.10-8.80), psychological health (OR: 4.51; 95 % CI: 2.20-9.26), social relationships (OR: 3.21; 95 % CI: 1.56-6.60) and environment (OR: 2.86; 95 % CI: 1.33-6.14). Conclusion: students exposed to stigmatizing situations related to weight had a worse perception of their quality of life compared to those not stigmatized.

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          Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

          The global obesity epidemic is well established, with increases in obesity prevalence for most countries since the 1980s. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep disorders. Obesity also leads to the development of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease mortality independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. More recent data highlight abdominal obesity, as determined by waist circumference, as a cardiovascular disease risk marker that is independent of body mass index. There have also been significant advances in imaging modalities for characterizing body composition, including visceral adiposity. Studies that quantify fat depots, including ectopic fat, support excess visceral adiposity as an independent indicator of poor cardiovascular outcomes. Lifestyle modification and subsequent weight loss improve both metabolic syndrome and associated systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, clinical trials of medical weight loss have not demonstrated a reduction in coronary artery disease rates. In contrast, prospective studies comparing patients undergoing bariatric surgery with nonsurgical patients with obesity have shown reduced coronary artery disease risk with surgery. In this statement, we summarize the impact of obesity on the diagnosis, clinical management, and outcomes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, especially sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation. In particular, we examine the influence of obesity on noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures for coronary artery disease. Moreover, we review the impact of obesity on cardiac function and outcomes related to heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we describe the effects of lifestyle and surgical weight loss interventions on outcomes related to coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.
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            Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity

            People with obesity commonly face a pervasive, resilient form of social stigma. They are often subject to discrimination in the workplace as well as in educational and healthcare settings. Research indicates that weight stigma can cause physical and psychological harm, and that affected individuals are less likely to receive adequate care. For these reasons, weight stigma damages health, undermines human and social rights, and is unacceptable in modern societies. To inform healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the public about this issue, a multidisciplinary group of international experts, including representatives of scientific organizations, reviewed available evidence on the causes and harms of weight stigma and, using a modified Delphi process, developed a joint consensus statement with recommendations to eliminate weight bias. Academic institutions, professional organizations, media, public-health authorities, and governments should encourage education about weight stigma to facilitate a new public narrative about obesity, coherent with modern scientific knowledge.
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              Obesity stigma: important considerations for public health.

              Stigma and discrimination toward obese persons are pervasive and pose numerous consequences for their psychological and physical health. Despite decades of science documenting weight stigma, its public health implications are widely ignored. Instead, obese persons are blamed for their weight, with common perceptions that weight stigmatization is justifiable and may motivate individuals to adopt healthier behaviors. We examine evidence to address these assumptions and discuss their public health implications. On the basis of current findings, we propose that weight stigma is not a beneficial public health tool for reducing obesity. Rather, stigmatization of obese individuals threatens health, generates health disparities, and interferes with effective obesity intervention efforts. These findings highlight weight stigma as both a social justice issue and a priority for public health.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                June 2023
                : 40
                : 3
                : 543-550
                Affiliations
                [2] Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Playa Ancha orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Nutrición y Dietética Chile
                [1] Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Playa Ancha orgdiv1Comunidad y Gestión orgdiv2Departamento de Salud Chile
                Article
                S0212-16112023000400012 S0212-1611(23)04000300012
                10.20960/nh.04338
                1ff1ae4a-1c34-443c-9b9b-3e12406ddcbc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 July 2022
                : 15 January 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Students,Weight stigma,Weight prejudice,Body weight,Obesity,Quality of life,Estigma de peso,Prejuicio de peso,Obesidad,Peso corporal,Calidad de vida,Estudiantes

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