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      Oclusión de la aorta abdominal infrarrenal: Reconstrucción endovascular con stent Translated title: Endovascular Stent-Graft Repair for the Occlusion of the Infrarenal Aorta

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          Abstract

          Introducción La oclusión total de la aorta abdominal es de presentación poco frecuente y afecta más a menudo a mujeres de edad mediana con antecedentes de tabaquismo y dislipidemia. El punto de partida de la terapéutica endovascular en la aorta fue la angioplastia en las arterias ilíacas y fue progresando desde el balón hasta la colocación de stents. Objetivo Comunicar nuestros resultados inmediatos y el seguimiento a mediano plazo de pacientes con oclusión de la aorta abdominal tratadas con stents por vía endovascular. Material y métodos Desde octubre de 1998 a mayo de 2005 en nuestro servicio se trataron 5 pacientes de sexo femenino por oclusión total de la aorta abdominal, con síntomas de claudicación grave de ambos miembros inferiores. Los procedimientos se realizaron con anestesia local y sedación. Por vía femoral, se intenta recanalizar con las cuerdas de Whooley o hidrófila Glidewire. Posteriormente se realiza un angiograma abdominal e intercambio por cuerda Amplatz con la cual se avanza el balón para realizar las dilataciones antes de implantar el stent. Las pacientes con lesiones ilíacas también se trataron con stent. El índice tobillo-brazo era de 0,71. El promedio de hospitalización fue de 2 días. Al alta se indicaron clopidogrel y aspirina como medicación antiplaquetaria, excepto la primera paciente (ticlopidina y aspirina). El seguimiento fue clínico y por ecografía Doppler color a la semana, al mes, a los 6 meses y a los 12 meses. Resultados Las pacientes eran de sexo femenino, con antecedentes de tabaquismo y dislipidemia. Todos los procedimientos fueron técnicamente exitosos, con mejoría del índice tobillo-brazo a 0,98. Una paciente presentó un hematoma inguinal en el sitio de punción, con buena evolución posterior. En el seguimiento alejado clínico y por ultrasonido se observó una permeabilidad de la aorta del 100%, con estenosis en una paciente tratada a nivel de la arteria ilíaca en el segmento no cubierto por el stent. Conclusiones En este grupo de pacientes con oclusión total de la aorta abdominal, la angioplastia con balón e implantación de stent ha demostrado que es una técnica segura y efectiva, con éxito técnico y permeabilidad en el seguimiento a mediano plazo en todas las pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          Background Total occlusion of the abdominal aorta is an infrequent condition mostly affecting middle-aged women with a history of smoking and dyslipemia. Angioplasty of the iliac arteries was the starting point of endovascular treatment of the aorta, progressing from balloon angioplasty to stent-grafts insertion. Objective To report the immediate results and mid-term follow-up outcomes in patients with occlusion of the abdominal aorta treated with endovascular stent-graft repair. Material and Methods From October 1998 to May 2005, 5 female patients with total occlusion of the abdominal aorta with severe symptoms of claudication of both lower limbs were treated at our Department. The procedures were performed under local anesthesia and sedation. Whooley or hydrophilic Glidewire guide wires were inserted through the femoral artery. After abdominal angiography was performed, guide wires were removed and the balloon was introduced through an Amplatz guide wire; dilatations were done before the stent-graft was placed. Patients with iliac lesions were also treated with stents. The ankle-arm index was 0.71. Mean hospital stay was 2 days. Patients were discharged with clopidogrel and aspirin as antiplatelet therapy, except for the first patient who received ticlopidine and aspirin. Clinical assessment and color echo-Doppler were performed at week 1, and at 1, 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Results All patients were women, with a history of smoking and dyslipemia. All the procedures were technically successful, and the ankle-arm index improved to 0.98. One patient presented an inguinal hematoma at the puncture site, with favorable outcomes. During late follow-up, ultrasound showed 100% aortic patency, and one patient presented a stenosis of a segment of the iliac artery that had not been covered by the stent. Conclusions In this group of patients with total occlusion of the abdominal aorta, balloon angioplasty with stent-graft placement has demonstrated to be a safe and effective procedure, resulting in technical success and patency at mid-term follow- up in all patients.

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          Most cited references25

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          A thirty-year survey of the reconstructive surgical treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease.

          With the view of assessing functional durability and the factors that influence or determine it, we reviewed the clinical course of 1748 reconstructive operations performed between Jan. 1, 1954, and Dec. 31, 1983 in the treatment of 1647 patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD). Disabling intermittent claudication (in 65.6%), ischemic rest pain and/ or pregangrene (in 20.7%), and ischemic gangrene (in 13.7%) were the operative indications. Patency proven by angiography was the criterion of success. Follow-up was continuous and endless and 94% successful over a period of 30 years. Twenty-five percent of the patients were followed up for 11 to 30 years. The incidence of severe degree of occlusive involvement increased significantly from the first (9.3%) to the third (17.1%) decade of observation, whereas the perioperative mortality rate improved markedly from the first (7.4%) to the third (2.5%) decade. The aortobifemoral bypass (AF2B) procedure remained the most popular type of repair (with a perioperative patency rate of 91.4%) throughout, but both it and unilateral reconstructions lost some ground to remote (extra-anatomic) bypasses in the third decade. Atherosclerotic heart disease remained the most common cause of perioperative (50%) and late (60.2%) death. Among the early postoperative local complications graft thrombosis improved markedly from the first (8.3%) to the third (3.2%) decade. Graft infection remained rare (1.6% to 0.8%). The incidence of the most common late wound complication, anastomotic aneurysm at the common femoral level, remained relatively constant (5.7% per anastomosis), but it responded very well to surgical correction. The partial or complete secondary repair of all late complications (26.0%) improved the cumulative late patency rate in the AF2B procedures by 2% to 12% during 20 years of observation. The perioperative (97.3%), 5-year (76.6%), 10-year (76.6%), 15-year (72.5%), and 20-year (67.5%) cumulative patency rates of AF2B operations were highly satisfactory. The postoperative late survival rate of patients with AIOD declined rapidly (59% at 5, 33% at 10, 14% at 15 years). The cause of late death in 60.2% of the cases was atherosclerotic heart disease.
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            Aortic bifurcation stenosis: treatment with intravascular stents.

            Balloon-expandable intravascular stents were employed to correct atherosclerotic stenosis of the aortic bifurcation. The devices were placed in the proximal iliac arteries with the cephalic end of the stents contacting in the midline. This arrangement provided an adequate lumen for the distal portion of the aortic wall and the proximal iliac arteries. Six of seven patients who received this form of treatment had hemodynamic and clinical improvement of their vascular insufficiency at an average follow-up of 1 year.
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              Clinical and anatomical considerations for surgery in aortoiliac disease and results of surgical treatment.

              D Brewster (1991)
              A variety of surgical procedures are available for the treatment of occlusive disease involving the aorta and iliac arteries. Use of the most appropriate operation in each patient, determined principally by disease location and patient risk, can provide highly effective relief of disabling claudication or limb-threatening ischemia with low morbidity and mortality rates. The excellent, durable results of current surgical practice should serve as the standard with which newer treatment modalities must be compared.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
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                Journal
                rac
                Revista argentina de cardiología
                Rev. argent. cardiol.
                Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1850-3748
                June 2008
                : 76
                : 3
                : 200-204
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameSociedad Argentina de Cardiología
                [02] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameSanatorio Otamendi orgdiv1Servicio de Hemodinamia y Cardiología Intervencionista centroceci@ 123456sion.com
                Article
                S1850-37482008000300008
                200e22dd-ebd2-438d-916a-95ee45812bf7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 January 2008
                : 30 May 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Stent,Arteriopatías oclusivas,Abdominal Aorta,Arterial Occlusive Diseases,Aorta abdominal

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