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      Polish Validation of the SarQoL ®, a Quality of Life Questionnaire Specific to Sarcopenia

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          Abstract

          Recently, SarQoL ® (Sarcopenia and Quality of Life), a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire specific to sarcopenia, was successfully developed. For practical reasons, there is a great interest in validating this questionnaire in other populations. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to translate and adjust the SarQoL ® into Polish and to standardize the validity of this method for the assessment of sarcopenic individuals in Poland with regard to psychometric properties. The English version was used for the translation process. A total of 106 community-dwelling Caucasian subjects aged 73.3 ± 5.94 years (65.1% females) were studied, with 60 participants being diagnosed sarcopenic. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation was carried out in five phases according to specific standard guidelines. There were no major linguistic issues in the translation process. The data confirmed a good discriminant validity, i.e., significantly lower scores for all domains (reduced global QoL in sarcopenic subjects compared to non-sarcopenic ones; 54.9 ± 16.5 vs. 63.3 ± 17.1, p = 0.013), and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.92). The significant correlation of the SarQoL ® scores with those of other questionnaires (SF-36v2 ® Health Survey and EuroQoL-5-Dimension) that are supposed to have similar dimensions indicated the consistent construct validity of the SarQoL ®-PL questionnaire. No floor/ceiling effects were found. An excellent agreement was found between the test and the re-test (intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC): 0.99). The first Polish version of the SarQoL ® questionnaire is valid and consistent and therefore may be used with reliability for clinical and research purposes regarding QoL assessment of sarcopenic individuals. However, further research, in particular prospective studies, is needed to determine potential limitations and the suitability of the new tool for the Polish scenario and specificity.

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          Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests

          Lee Cronbach (1951)
          Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334
          Article 0 comments Cited 6118 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

            Charlotte Beaudart, Myriam Zaaria, Françoise Pasleau … (2017)
            Objective The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess the short-, middle- and long-term consequences of sarcopenia. Methods Prospective studies assessing the consequences of sarcopenia were searched across different electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBM Reviews ACP Journal Club, EBM Reviews DARE and AMED). Only studies that used the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People to diagnose sarcopenia were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. For outcomes reported by three or more studies, a meta-analysis was performed. The study results are expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI. Results Of the 772 references identified through the database search, 17 were included in this systematic review. The number of participants in the included studies ranged from 99 to 6658, and the duration of follow-up varied from 3 months to 9.8 years. Eleven out of 12 studies assessed the impact of sarcopenia on mortality. The results showed a higher rate of mortality among sarcopenic subjects (pooled OR of 3.596 (95% CI 2.96–4.37)). The effect was higher in people aged 79 years or older compared with younger subjects (p = 0.02). Sarcopenia is also associated with functional decline (pooled OR of 6 studies 3.03 (95% CI 1.80–5.12)), a higher rate of falls (2/2 studies found a significant association) and a higher incidence of hospitalizations (1/1 study). The impact of sarcopenia on the incidence of fractures and the length of hospital stay was less clear (only 1/2 studies showed an association for both outcomes). Conclusion Sarcopenia is associated with several harmful outcomes, making this geriatric syndrome a real public health burden.
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              Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons.

              M Rubin, Bret Goodpaster, Stephen Kritchevsky … (2005)
              Lower muscle mass has been correlated with poor physical function; however, no studies have examined this relationship prospectively. This study aims to investigate whether low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and greater fat infiltration into the muscle predict incident mobility limitation. Our study cohort included 3075 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70-79 years participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Participants were followed for 2.5 years. Muscle cross-sectional area and muscle tissue attenuation (a measure of fat infiltration) were measured by computed tomography at the mid-thigh, and knee extensor strength by using a KinCom dynamometer. Incident mobility limitation was defined as two consecutive self-reports of any difficulty walking one-quarter mile or climbing 10 steps. Mobility limitations were developed by 22.3% of the men and by 31.8% of the women. Cox's proportional hazards models, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and health factors, showed a hazard ratio of 1.90 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27-2.84] in men and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.23-2.31) in women for the lowest compared to the highest quartile of muscle area (p <.01 for trend). Results for muscle strength were 2.02 (95% CI, 1.39-2.94) and 1.91 (95% CI, 1.41-2.58), p <.001 trend, and for muscle attenuation were 1.91 (95% CI, 1.31-2.83) and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.20-2.35), p <.01 for trend. When included in one model, only muscle attenuation and muscle strength independently predicted mobility limitation (p < .05). Among men and women, associations were similar for blacks and whites. Lower muscle mass (smaller cross-sectional thigh muscle area), greater fat infiltration into the muscle, and lower knee extensor muscle strength are associated with increased risk of mobility loss in older men and women. The association between low muscle mass and functional decline seems to be a function of underlying muscle strength.
              Article 0 comments Cited 106 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jcm
                Title: Journal of Clinical Medicine
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2077-0383
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 October 2018
                Publication date Collection: October 2018
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 323
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology, and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; pabram@ 123456o2.pl
                [2 ]Polish Telemedicine Society, Center of Excellence “TeleOrto” for Telediagnostics and Treatment of Injuries and Disorders of the Locomotor System, 02-091 Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; w.glinkowski@ 123456gmail.com
                [3 ]Department of Primary Health Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland; taranta59@ 123456wp.pl (E.T.); ludmila.marcinowicz@ 123456umb.edu.pl (L.M.)
                [4 ]Rehabilitation Department, Central Military Medical Clinic, 00-911 Warsaw, Poland; malgorzata.reh.lecz@ 123456interia.pl
                [5 ]Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; jyr.ch@ 123456bluewin.ch (J.-Y.R.); olivier.bruyere@ 123456ulg.ac.be (O.B.); c.beaudart@ 123456uliege.be (C.B.)
                [6 ]World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: jurekonstant@ 123456o2.pl ; Tel.: +488-5745-0622
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this research and should be considered as a first author.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6150-0971
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2602-1128
                Article
                Publisher ID: jcm-07-00323
                DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100323
                PMC ID: 6210457
                PubMed ID: 30287728
                SO-VID: 202353c3-9150-448a-b81e-220f2ea7d11e
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 05 September 2018
                Date accepted : 01 October 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: sarcopenia,quality of life,translation,questionnaire-based research
                Data availability:
                Keywords: sarcopenia, quality of life, translation, questionnaire-based research

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