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      Quantification of left ventricular myocardial collagen system in children, young adults, and the elderly Translated title: Cuantificación del sistema de colágeno del ventrículo izquierdo del miocardio en niños, adultos jóvenes y ancianos

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          Abstract

          Studies on the collagen system of the human myocardium are still limited compared to those on small laboratory animals. The aim of this work was to observe the collagen tissue of the myocardium of the human heart as a function of age. The types of collagen, as well as the density of collagen tissue and the diameter of collagen fibrils, were examined. Fragments of the left ventricular wall from 15 hearts, 5 from children, 5 from young adults, and 5 from elderly individuals, were analyzed by using the Picrosirius-polarization method and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed the presence of collagen type III and collagen type I, both in the endomysium and perimysium of the 3 groups studied. Measurements of collagen content in myocardial tissue displayed that both endomysial and perimysial collagen increase in number and thickness in the adult and elderly. These histochemical results coincided with the observations obtained with the electron microscope in showing an increase in the number of collagen fibrils with a large diameter in the adult and elderly hearts. The present results on cardiac collagen may be important for assessing the pathogenesis of several cardiopathies in the hearts of children, young adults, and the elderly.

          Translated abstract

          Los estudios sobre el colágeno del miocardio humano son aún escasos en comparación con los hechos en pequeños animales de laboratorio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar el tejido colágeno del miocardio del corazón humano en función de la edad. Se estudiaron los tipos de colágeno, su densidad y el diámetro de las fibrillas de colágeno. Para esto se utilizaron fragmentos de la pared del ventrículo izquierdo de 15 corazones, cinco de niños, cinco de adultos jóvenes y 5 de personas de edad avanzada. Las muestras se analizaron mediante el método de Picrosirius-polarización y por microscopía electrónica de transmisión (MET). Los resultados mostraron la presencia de colágeno tipo III y de tipo I, tanto en el endomisio como en el perimisio de los tres grupos estudiados. Además, aumenta el colágeno tanto en el endomisio como en el perimísio, así como su número y grosor a medida que aumenta la edad. Los resultados histoquímicos coincidieron con las observaciones obtenidas con el microscopio electrónico, en las que se observa un aumento en el número de fibrillas de colágeno de gran diámetro en los corazones de los adultos y los ancianos. Estos resultados podrían ser importantes para la evaluación de la patogénesis de varias cardiopatías en los corazones de niños, jóvenes y ancianos.

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          Most cited references43

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          Induction of cardiac fibrosis by transforming growth factor-beta(1).

          The role of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) in the production and deposition of collagens and in the induction of gene expression in the myocardium in relation to the development of myocardial fibrosis will be discussed. Very low expression of TGF-beta(1) and collagen type I and III mRNA is seen in the normal rat heart. Both expressions are markedly increased in the infarcted heart and the levels of TGF-beta(1) mRNA precedes increases in mRNA levels for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, suggesting a possible role of TGF-beta(1) in remodeling processes in the myocardium. The TGF-beta(1) expression is normally only transient since continuous TGF-beta(1) overexpression seems to promote nonadaptive cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. In vitro, TGF-beta(1) induces an increase in collagen production and secretion and enhances the abundance of mRNA levels for collagen type I and III in rat cardiac fibroblasts in culture. TGF-beta(1) also stimulates in vivo the expression of ECM proteins and in vivo gene transfer of TGF-beta(1) can induce myocardial fibrosis. Increased myocardial TGF-beta(1) and ECM protein mRNA are found in myocardial fibrosis induced by angiotensin II infusion, by noradrenaline treatment, by isoprenaline infusion, and by long-term blockade of NO synthesis. In vivo antagonism of TGF-beta(1) by neutralizing anti-TGF-beta(1) antibodies or by proteoglycans prevents the increase in gene expression of ECM proteins and inhibits myocardial fibrosis, suggesting that the increases in matrix protein production and fibrosis are mediated by TGF-beta(1). Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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            Quantitative assessment of myocardial collagen with picrosirius red staining and circularly polarized light

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              Aging of myocardial collagen.

              R de Souza (2002)
              The objective of this article was to present a review of the collagen tissue of the heart muscle as a function of age. The myocardial collagen matrix consists of a network of fibrillar collagen which is intimately connected to the myocyte. Most collagen fibers reside in parallel with myocytes. These fibers may have a wavy, taut or coiled appearance. Fibrillar collagen types I and III are the major components of the myocardial collagen matrix. Collagen type I has been found to represent nearly 80% of the total collagen protein, while type III collagen is present in lower proportions (approximately 11%). Cardiac fibroblasts are the cellular source of fibrillar collagen, cardiac myocytes expressing only mRNA for type IV collagen. Collagens types I and III exhibit a high tensile strength which plays an important role in the behavior of the ventricle during the cardiac cycle. The collagen concentration and the intermolecular cross-linking of collagen increase with age. Measurements of collagen content in myocardial tissue suggest that it is the type I collagen fibers that increase in number and thickness in the aged. At the same time, electron microscopic observations have shown an increase in the number of collagen fibrils with a large diameter in the aging heart. The mechanism responsible for the myocardial fibrosis in the senescent myocardium is unclear. The collagen deposition in the myocardium could be due to the regulation of collagen biosynthesis at pre-translational levels. It is possible that the regulatory elements involved in this process are growth factors such as TGF-beta 1 and hormones and neurotransmitters. Details of regulatory mechanism that may come into play during aging may be elucidated by further investigations. The accumulation of collagen within the myocardium increases muscle stiffness. Myocardial function is affected by this process; this is usually reflected by incomplete relaxation during early diastolic filling, and presumably account for the decrease in early left ventricular diastolic compliance.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                medba
                Medicina (Buenos Aires)
                Medicina (B. Aires)
                Fundación Revista Medicina (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires )
                1669-9106
                June 2012
                : 72
                : 3
                : 216-220
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade São judas Tadeu Brazil
                [2 ] Italo Brazilian Universitary Center Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0025-76802012000300005
                2038f6ee-0b86-4d90-9fe9-d4eaab4877a5

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0025-7680&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Collagen fibrils,Morphometry,Human heart,Children,Young adult,Elderly,Fibrillas de colágeno,Morfometría,Corazón humano,Niños,Jóvenes adultos,Ancianos

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