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      Manejo del acceso vascular en tiempos de la COVID-19 Translated title: Vascular access management during the COVID-19 pandemic period

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes y objetivo: los pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica son un colectivo especialmente vulnerable a la COVID-19. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el impacto que la COVID-19 ha tenido en la actividad clínica y quirúrgica relacionada con el acceso vascular (AV) en nuestro centro. Métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo en el que se compara la actividad y los resultados relacionados con el acceso vascular del año natural previo a la pandemia (2019) respecto al primer año de pandemia (2020). Resultados: tras el inicio de la pandemia adaptamos nuestras estrategias diagnóstico-terapéuticas a esta nueva situación para evitar la expansión del virus. Analizamos los resultados de 723 pacientes, que fueron evaluados en la consulta de AV (403 valorados en 2019 y 320 en 2020). El número de intervenciones realizadas en ambos periodos fue similar. Se objetivó un incremento en la realización de fístulas radiocefálicas en 2020 (51,2 % frente a 32,5 %) (p = 0,026), además de una reducción significativa del tiempo en lista de espera (30 ± 23,2 días en 2019 frente a 15,2 ± 19,2 días en 2020; p = 0,001). Ninguno de los pacientes operados presentó infección por coronavirus en el primer mes tras la intervención. En 2020 destacó una mayor mortalidad de los pacientes valorados en la consulta de enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (ERCA) (37,5 % frente a 27,5 %) (p = 0,02). También se objetivó un ligero incremento no significativo del uso de catéter venoso central (CVC), tanto en los pacientes que iniciaron hemodiálisis con CVC (CVC incidentes: 48,5 % en 2019 frente a 55,5 % en 2020, p = 0,440) como en el global de pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica (CVC prevalentes: 34,8 % en 2019 frente a 40,4 % en 2020, p = 0,380). Conclusión: la puesta en marcha de circuitos libres de COVID-19 permite mantener la actividad relacionada con el AV, asegurar el adecuado tratamiento de los pacientes con ERCA y garantizar la seguridad tanto de los pacientes como de los profesionales implicados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: dialysis patients are more vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection due to multiple comorbidities. The aim of this study was to analyze the indirect effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on the management of vascular access (VA). Methods: in this observational single-center retrospective study, we collected VA data from hemodialysis patients treated in 2019 and 2020, before and after coronavirus outbreak. Results: we updated the usual medical procedures and adapted them to this new situation in order to prevent the coronavirus disease from spreading. We analyzed 723 patients (403 from 2019 and 320 from 2020). The number of surgical interventions was similar in both periods with an increase of the number of radiocephalic fistula performed during 2020 (51.2 % vs. 32.5 %) (p = 0.026) and a reduction of the surgical waiting list (30 ± 23.2 days in 2019 vs. 15.2 ± 19.2 days in 2020 (p = 0.001). The death rate among patients from the Advance Chronic Kidney Disease clinic also increased during 2020 (37.5 % vs. 27,5 %) (p = 0.02). During the pandemic year, there was a slight non-significant increase of incident and prevalent hemodialysis patients with central venous catheter. Incident patients with catheter: 48.5 % in 2019 vs. 55.5 % in 2020 (p = 0.440). Prevalent patients with catheter: 34.8 % in 2019 vs. 40,4 % in 2020 (p = 0.380). No patient was infected with coronavirus in the first month after surgery. Conclusion: the safety of both patient and staff can be ensured by the implement of proactive infection measures without sacrificing the hemodialysis vascular access care quality.

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          Most cited references24

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          Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

          Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Risk factors for the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia have not yet been well delineated.
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            Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID ‐19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans

            Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID‐19. Methods A global expert‐response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian beta‐regression model was used to estimate 12‐week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case‐mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (cancer versus benign surgery), was determined. This case‐mix was applied to country‐level surgical volumes. The 12‐week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate total cancelled operations. Results The best estimate was that 28,404,603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID‐19 (2,367,050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90.2%, 25,638,922/28,404,603). The overall 12‐week cancellation rate would be 72.3%. Globally, 81.7% (25,638,921/31,378,062) of benign surgery, 37.7% (2,324,069/6,162,311) of cancer surgery, and 25.4% (441,611/1,735,483) of elective Caesarean sections would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increase their normal surgical volume by 20% post‐pandemic, it would take a median 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID‐19 disruption. Conclusions A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed due to disruption caused by COVID‐19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to safely restore surgical activity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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              KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update

              The National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) has provided evidence-based guidelines for hemodialysis vascular access since 1996. Since the last update in 2006, there has been a great accumulation of new evidence and sophistication in the guidelines process. The 2019 update to the KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access is a comprehensive document intended to assist multidisciplinary practitioners care for chronic kidney disease patients and their vascular access. New topics include the end-stage kidney disease "Life-Plan" and related concepts, guidance on vascular access choice, new targets for arteriovenous access (fistulas and grafts) and central venous catheters, management of specific complications, and renewed approaches to some older topics. Appraisal of the quality of the evidence was independently conducted by using a Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, and interpretation and application followed the GRADE Evidence to Decision frameworks. As applicable, each guideline statement is accompanied by rationale/background information, a detailed justification, monitoring and evaluation guidance, implementation considerations, special discussions, and recommendations for future research.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                angiologia
                Angiología
                Angiología
                Arán Ediciones S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0003-3170
                1695-2987
                February 2022
                : 74
                : 1
                : 5-12
                Affiliations
                [2] Madrid orgnameHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón orgdiv1Servicios de Nefrología Spain
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón orgdiv1Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular orgdiv2Servicios de Angiología Spain
                Article
                S0003-31702022000100005 S0003-3170(22)07400100005
                10.20960/angiologia.00319
                2041ce3e-90fb-4366-bfb8-eb3405cecc4e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 April 2021
                : 26 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Hemodiálisis,COVID-19,Acceso vascular,Hemodialysis,COVID-2019,Vascular access

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