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      Which dimensions of impulsivity are related to problematic practice of physical exercise?

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          Problematic practice of physical exercise (PPPE) has been suggested to be a behavioral addiction. Impulsivity represents a core dimension of behavioral addictions. However, little is known about impulsivity facets in PPPE. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of impulsivity facets in PPPE.

          Methods

          A total of 684 students (between 18 and 25 years) took part in this study and filled up a battery of questionnaire, which consisted of following measures – Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, Exercise Dependence Scale – Revised, and the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to investigate the predictive role of each impulsivity facet in PPPE.

          Results

          Age, the total level of physical activity per day, sex (male), negative urgency, and sensation seeking were found to be significant predictors of PPPE. A categorical analysis of PPPE revealed that negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation seeking were significantly higher in the dependent category of PPPE.

          Discussion and conclusions

          Associations to negative urgency and sensation seeking might indicate that PPPE serves to regulate or alleviate negative affect or aversive emotional states. Thus, PPPE could be conceptualized as a short-term coping strategy dedicated to relieving negative affective states, like other maladaptive behaviors such as binge eating, binge drinking, or compulsive buying.

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          Most cited references53

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          Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence.

          Darren E R Warburton, Crystal Nicol, Shannon S. D. Bredin (2006)
          The primary purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate the current literature and to provide further insight into the role physical inactivity plays in the development of chronic disease and premature death. We confirm that there is irrefutable evidence of the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of several chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression and osteoporosis) and premature death. We also reveal that the current Health Canada physical activity guidelines are sufficient to elicit health benefits, especially in previously sedentary people. There appears to be a linear relation between physical activity and health status, such that a further increase in physical activity and fitness will lead to additional improvements in health status.
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            Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

            Joël Billieux, Adriano Schimmenti, Yasser Khazaal … (2015)
            Background Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction. Methods and aim In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions. Results Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed. Conclusions We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.
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              Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis.

              James Mackillop, Michael T Amlung, Lauren R Few … (2011)
              Delayed reward discounting (DRD) is a behavioral economic index of impulsivity and numerous studies have examined DRD in relation to addictive behavior. To synthesize the findings across the literature, the current review is a meta-analysis of studies comparing DRD between criterion groups exhibiting addictive behavior and control groups. The meta-analysis sought to characterize the overall patterns of findings, systematic variability by sample and study type, and possible small study (publication) bias. Literature reviews identified 310 candidate articles from which 46 studies reporting 64 comparisons were identified (total N=56,013). From the total comparisons identified, a small magnitude effect was evident (d= .15; p< .00001) with very high heterogeneity of effect size. Based on systematic observed differences, large studies assessing DRD with a small number of self-report items were removed and an analysis of 57 comparisons (n=3,329) using equivalent methods and exhibiting acceptable heterogeneity revealed a medium magnitude effect (d= .58; p< .00001). Further analyses revealed significantly larger effect sizes for studies using clinical samples (d= .61) compared with studies using nonclinical samples (d=.45). Indices of small study bias among the various comparisons suggested varying levels of influence by unpublished findings, ranging from minimal to moderate. These results provide strong evidence of greater DRD in individuals exhibiting addictive behavior in general and particularly in individuals who meet criteria for an addictive disorder. Implications for the assessment of DRD and research priorities are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (pmc): jba
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JBA
                Title: Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Abbreviated Title: J Behav Addict
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2062-5871
                ISSN (Electronic): 2063-5303
                Publication date (Electronic, epub): 10 May 2017
                Publication date (Print, ppub): June 2017
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 221-228
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]EA 4430 – CLIPSYD, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense , Nanterre Cedex, France
                [ 2 ]Laboratoire EA 2931, Centre de recherches sur le sport et le mouvement – CERSM, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense , Nanterre Cedex, France
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Gayatri Kotbagi; Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, 200 Avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre Cedex, France; Phone: +33 666575871; E-mail: kotbagi.gayatri@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.024
                PMC ID: 5520121
                PubMed ID: 28494647
                SO-VID: 204a21a4-6a60-45c9-b6e5-44ac1d6f7bc9
                Copyright statement: © 2017 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 06 July 2016
                Date revision received : 30 January 2017
                Date: 22 March 2017
                Date accepted : 28 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 8
                Product
                Self URI (journal page): https://akademiai.com/info/collections/scienceopen/psychology
                Funding
                Funding sources: This study was self-funded.
                Categories
                Subject: FULL-LENGTH REPORT

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Evolutionary Biology,Medicine,Psychology,Educational research & Statistics,Social & Behavioral Sciences
                Keywords: behavioral addictions,impulsivity,problematic practice of physical exercise
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Evolutionary Biology, Medicine, Psychology, Educational research & Statistics, Social & Behavioral Sciences
                Keywords: behavioral addictions, impulsivity, problematic practice of physical exercise

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