Double burden for women in mid- and later life: evidence from time-use profiles in Cebu, the Philippines

Abstract

Using data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2012), we utilize latent class analysis (LCA) to develop time use class membership to characterize the degree to which women in Cebu are subject to the double burden of work and family responsibilities in mid and later life. Results suggest that close to a third of the sample are engaged in high intensity work for pay (either outside or home-based) over eighteen years, while combining it with a substantial amount of household chores and with low level of personal time in a span of eighteen years. Our latent transition analysis (LTA) also shows that, with the addition of grandchildren into the household, some women experience a shift in time use class membership by becoming high intensity caregivers or by completely transitioning out of work arena, while others remain double-burdened with active involvement in both work and family responsibilities.