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      Multivariate genetic divergence and hybrid performance of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

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          Abstract

          Genetic distances among cacao cultivars were calculated through multivariate analysis, using the D2 statistic, to examine racial group classification and to assess heterotic hybrids. A 5 x 5 complete diallel was evaluated. Over a five-year period (1986-1990), five cultivars of the S1 generation, pertaining to the Lower Amazon Forastero and Trinitario racial groups and 20 crosses between the corresponding S0 parents were analyzed, based upon five yield components - number of healthy and collected fruits per plant (NHFP and NCFP), wet seed weight per plant and per fruit (WSWP and WSWF), and percentage of diseased fruits per plant (PDFP). The diversity analysis suggested a close relationship between the Trinitario and Lower Amazon Forastero groups. A correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to determine the association between genetic diversity and heterosis. Genetic distance of parents by D2 was found to be linearly related to average performance of hybrids for WSWP and WSWF (r = 0.68, P < 0.05 and r = 0.76, P < 0.05, respectively). The heterotic performance for the same components was also correlated with D2, both with r = 0.66 (P < 0.05). A relationship between genetic divergence and combining ability effects was suggested because the most divergent cultivar exhibited a high general combining ability, generating the best performing hybrids. Results indicated that genetic diversity estimates can be useful in selecting parents for crosses and in assessing relationships among cacao racial groups.

          Translated abstract

          Distâncias genéticas entre cultivares de cacau foram calculadas através de análise multivariada, empregando-se a estatística D2, objetivando examinar a classificação dos grupos raciais e acessar híbridos heteróticos. Um dialelo completo 5 x 5 foi avaliado. Cinco cultivares da geração S1, pertencentes aos grupos Forasteiro do Baixo Amazonas e Trinitário, e os 20 híbridos entre os correspondentes cultivares S0 foram analisados com base em cinco componentes de produção - número de frutos sadios e colhidos por planta (NHFP e NCFP), peso de sementes úmidas por planta e por fruto (WSWP e WSWF) e percentagem de frutos doentes por planta (PDFP) - por cinco anos (1986-1990). A análise de diversidade sugeriu estreita relação entre Trinitários e Forasteiros do Baixo Amazonas. A associação entre diversidade genética e heterose dos híbridos foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação (r). A distância genética entre os cultivares, dada por D2, mostrou-se linearmente associada com a performance média dos híbridos para WSWP e WSWF (r = 0,68; P < 0,05 e r = 0,76; P < 0,05, respectivamente) e com a performance heterótica para os mesmos componentes (r = 0,66; P < 0,05 em ambos os casos). Uma relação positiva entre distância genética dos cultivares e efeitos de capacidade de combinação foi sugerida. Os resultados indicaram que as estimativas de diversidade genética podem ser úteis na seleção de genitores para cruzamentos e no estabelecimento das relações entre grupos raciais de cacau.

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          Most cited references33

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          Introduction to Quantitative Genetics

          Genetic constitution of a population; Changes of gene frequency; Small populations: I changes of gene frequency under simplified conditions; Small populations: II less simplified conditions; Small populations: III pedigreed populations and close inbreeding; Continuous variation; Values and means; Variance; Resemblance between relatives; Heritability; Selection: I the response and its prediction; Selection: II the results of experiments; Selection: III information from relatives; Inbreeding and crossbreeding: I changes of mean calue; Inbreeding and crossbreeding: II changes of variance; Inbreeding and crossbreeding: III applications; Scale; Threshold characters; Correlated characters; Metric characters under natural selection.
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            Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometrie Research

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              Aplicação de algumas técnicas multivariadas no melhoramento de plantas

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjg
                Brazilian Journal of Genetics
                Braz. J. Genet.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (Ribeirão Preto )
                1678-4502
                March 1997
                : 20
                : 1
                Article
                S0100-84551997000100012
                10.1590/S0100-84551997000100012
                207b51ea-a602-4be1-8e3c-0d27bb1bc425

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-8455&lng=en
                Categories
                BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
                GENETICS & HEREDITY

                Molecular biology,Genetics
                Molecular biology, Genetics

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