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      Factores biomecánicos asociados al resultado clínico de pacientes tratados con artrodesis lumbar en un centro de alta complejidad en Colombia Translated title: Biomechanical factors related to surgical outcomes on patients treated with lumbar arthrodesis in a high complexity center in Colombia

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La importancia del manejo del dolor lumbar radica en su recurrencia y en las manifestaciones tanto para el paciente como para la sociedad. Se hace necesario establecer qué factores llevan al éxito en términos de dolor y funcionalidad al momento de realizarse una artrodesis lumbar. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que buscó determinar qué parámetros espinopélvicos de balance sagital y sus valores en términos de incidencia pélvica (PI), inclinación pélvica (PT), inclinación sacra, lordosis lumbar (LL), eje sagital vertical (SVA) y la diferencia entre la PI y LL (PI-LL), pueden tener una potencial relación con desenlaces posquirúrgicos favorables. Se incluyeron 44 pacientes tratados en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2017. Se tomaron en cuenta desenlaces de dolor y funcionalidad en términos la escala visual analógica y el Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Se realizó un seguimiento prequirúrgico, y 2 posquirúrgicos a los 3 y 6 meses. Debido al tamaño de la muestra, los autores no pudieron encontrar una significancia estadística, sin embargo, los resultados son concordantes con lo publicado anteriormente en el área. Resultados: El mayor cambio porcentual se encontró en el grupo de pacientes que tuvieron una PI-LL > 10° con un aumento del 50 % en el grupo de pacientes con buena funcionalidad (ODI: 0-20). En SVA > 5 cm, el rango de pacientes con una buena funcionalidad tuvo un aumento del 44,6 %. El rango de buena funcionalidad en pacientes con una PT < 20° aumentó 54,1 puntos porcentuales. Conclusiones: En la presente cohorte se encontró que los parámetros radiológicos que condicionaron un mayor cambio porcentual en la funcionalidad de los pacientes después de ser llevados a cirugía de columna fueron: SVA de base > 5 cm y una PI-LL base > 10° y PT < 20°.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of lumbar pain management lies in its recurrence and manifestations for both the patient and society. It is necessary to establish what factors lead to success in terms of pain and functionality at the time of a lumbar arthrodesis. Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted that sought to determine which spinopelvic parameters and their values in terms of pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope, lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and mismatch (PI-LL) might have a potential relationship with favorable postoperative outcomes. We included 44 patients who underwent MIS spinal approaches in our center between January 2016 to December 2017. Surgical outcomes of pain and functionality were assessed using visual analogue scale and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Follow up was conducted through three evaluations: one before surgical intervention and 2 at 3 and 6 months postop. Due to the sample size, the authors were unable to get statistically significant results. Results: In our descriptive retrospective study on 44 patients, we found a big positive functional change in the group of patients who had a PI-LL > 10° with an increase of 50 percentage points in the group of patients with good functionality (ODI: 0-20). In SVA > 5 cm, the range of patients with good functionality had an increase of 44.6 percentage points. The range of good functionality in patients with a PT < 20° increased 54.1 percentage points. Conclusions: In the present cohort, it was found that the radiological parameters that conditioned a greater percentage change in the functionality of the patients after being taken to spine surgery were SVA of base > 5 cm and a PI-LL base > 10° and PT < 20°.

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          Chronic spinal pain and physical-mental comorbidity in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey replication.

          This paper investigates comorbidity between chronic back and neck pain and other physical and mental disorders in the US population, and assesses the contributions of chronic spinal pain and comorbid conditions to role disability. A probability sample of US adults (n=5692) was interviewed. Chronic spinal pain, other chronic pain conditions and selected chronic physical conditions were ascertained by self-report. Mood, anxiety and substance use disorders were ascertained with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Role disability was assessed with questions about days out of role and with impaired role functioning. The 1 year prevalence of chronic spinal pain was 19.0%. The vast majority (87.1%) of people with chronic spinal pain reported at least one other comorbid condition, including other chronic pain conditions (68.6%), chronic physical conditions (55.3%), and mental disorders (35.0%). Anxiety disorders showed as strong an association with chronic spinal pain as did mood disorders. Common conditions not significantly comorbid with chronic spinal pain were diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and drug abuse. Chronic spinal pain was significantly associated with role disability after controlling for demographic variables and for comorbidities. However, comorbid conditions explained about one-third of the gross association of chronic spinal pain with role disability. We conclude that chronic spinal pain is highly comorbid with other pain conditions, chronic diseases, and mental disorders, and that comorbidity plays a significant role in role disability associated with chronic spinal pain. The societal burdens of chronic spinal pain need to be understood and managed within the context of comorbid conditions.
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            Biomechanics of back pain.

            This paper offers a mechanistic account of back pain which attempts to incorporate all of the most important recent advances in spinal research. Anatomical and pain-provocation studies show that severe and chronic back pain most often originates in the lumbar intervertebral discs, the apophyseal joints, and the sacroiliac joints. Psychosocial factors influence many aspects of back pain behaviour but they are not important determinants of who will experience back pain in the first place. Back pain is closely (but not invariably) associated with structural pathology such as intervertebral disc prolapse and endplate fractures, although age-related biochemical changes such as those revealed by a 'dark disc' on MRI have little clinical relevance. All features of structural pathology (including disc prolapse) can be re-created in cadaveric specimens by severe or repetitive mechanical loading, with a combination of bending and compression being particularly harmful to the spine. Structural disruption alters the mechanical environment of disc cells in a manner that leads to cell-mediated degenerative changes, and animal experiments confirm that surgical disruption of a disc is followed by widespread disc degeneration. Some people are more vulnerable to spinal degeneration than others, largely because of their genetic inheritance. Age-related biochemical changes and loading history can also affect tissue vulnerability. Finally the concept of 'functional pathology' is introduced, according to which, back pain can arise because postural habits generate painful stress concentrations within innervated tissues, even though the stresses are not high enough to cause physical disruption.
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              Chronic low back pain: evaluation and management.

              Chronic low back pain is a common problem in primary care. A history and physical examination should place patients into one of several categories: (1) nonspecific low back pain; (2) back pain associated with radiculopathy or spinal stenosis; (3) back pain referred from a nonspinal source; or (4) back pain associated with another specific spinal cause. For patients who have back pain associated with radiculopathy, spinal stenosis, or another specific spinal cause, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography may establish the diagnosis and guide management. Because evidence of improved outcomes is lacking, lumbar spine radiography should be delayed for at least one to two months in patients with nonspecific pain. Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are first-line medications for chronic low back pain. Tramadol, opioids, and other adjunctive medications may benefit some patients who do not respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Acupuncture, exercise therapy, multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs, massage, behavior therapy, and spinal manipulation are effective in certain clinical situations. Patients with radicular symptoms may benefit from epidural steroid injections, but studies have produced mixed results. Most patients with chronic low back pain will not benefit from surgery. A surgical evaluation may be considered for select patients with functional disabilities or refractory pain despite multiple nonsurgical treatments.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                dolor
                Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
                Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor
                Inspira Network Group, S.L (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1134-8046
                June 2020
                : 27
                : 3
                : 160-167
                Affiliations
                [2] Bogotá Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Departamento de Neurociencias orgdiv2Semillero de Investigación Estudiantil Colombia
                [4] Bogotá Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Estudiante de Medicina Colombia
                [1] Bogotá Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                [5] Bogotá orgnameHospital Universitario San Ignacio orgdiv1Departamento de Neurociencias Colombia
                [3] Bogotá Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                Article
                S1134-80462020000300160 S1134-8046(20)02700300160
                10.20986/resed.2020.3759/2019
                20830b74-de8f-4cf9-a3a8-ba6514dddb05

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 January 2020
                : 22 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                lumbar interbody fusion,spine surgery,Dolor lumbar,Back pain,artrodesis lumbar,parámetros espinopélvicos,cirugía de columna,spinopelvic parameters

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