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      Malation vs. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) de diferentes regiones de Venezuela Translated title: Malathion vs. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, Diptera: Culicidae) from different regions of Venezuela

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          Abstract

          En Venezuela, el malation ha sido ampliamente usado en forma continua en programas de control de Aedes aegypti. Por tal motivo se realizó un estudio en mosquitos provenientes de zonas urbanas con alta casuística de dengue de los estados: Amazonas, Aragua, Bolívar, Lara, Mérida y Zulia, para determinar el status de susceptibilidad en este vector al malatión, en comparación con la cepa susceptible referencial, Rockefeller (Rock). Se hicieron bioensayos en botellas tratadas con el insecticida malatión evaluando la dosis diagnóstica 100ug/mL en 30 minutos y ensayos bioquímicos en microplacas para determinar mecanismos metabólicos asociados al status frente al insecticida. Los resultados de los bioensayos mostraron que existe susceptibilidad a malatión, lo cual fue confirmado por ruebas bioquímicas. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre todas las cepas evaluadas con valores de P<0,005 para esterasas alfa (α), esterasas beta (β) y acetilcolinesterasa normal (Ache) y acetilcolinesterasa inhibida (Achei). La prueba de comparación de medias de Bonferroni encontró similitud entre la cepa Rock, mazonas y Lara para esterasas α y β. Se encontró similitud de la cepa Rock con las cepas de Bolívar y Zulia para las pruebas con Ache y Achei. Este estudio concluye que el malatión mostró su potencial de uso en el control del vector del dengue de las localidades evaluadas.

          Translated abstract

          In Venezuela, malathion has been widely used continuously in control programs for Aedes aegypti. Therefore, a study in mosquitoes from urban areas with high dengue casuistry in the states of Amazonas, Aragua, Bolivar, Lara, Merida and Zulia was conducted to determine the status of this vector susceptibility to malathion, compared with the reference susceptible strain, Rockefeller. Bioassays were done on bottles treated with the insecticide malathion, 100ug/mL evaluating the diagnostic doses in 30 minutes and biochemical assays in microplates were performed to determine metabolic mechanisms associated with status against insecticide. The bioassay results showed that there is malathion susceptibility, which was confirmed by biochemical tests. However, significant differences were found among all strains assessed values of P<0.005 for esterases alpha (α), beta esterases (β) and standard acetylcholinesterase (AChe) and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (Achei). The mean comparison test of Bonferroni showed similarity between the strains Rock, Amazon and Lara for esterases α and β. Similarity was found between the strains Rock, Bolivar and Zulia for the Ache and Achei tests. This study concludes that malathion showed its potential use in controlling the dengue vector in the locations evaluated.

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          Biometría : principios y métodos estadísticos en la investigación biológica

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            Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus across Thailand.

            Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse), two important vectors of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, were collected from Mae Sot, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Surat Thani, and Phatthalung, Thailand, from July 2003 to April 2004. The patterns of insecticide susceptibility to temephos, malathion, and permethrin of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae were determined. Ae. aegypti from all study sites were resistant to permethrin, they but were susceptible to malathion. Resistance to temephos was detected in all strains of Ae. aegypti, except those from Nakhon Ratchasima. Ae. albopictus larvae had low levels of resistance to all three insecticides, except Mae Sot and Phatthalung strains, which were resistant to permethrin.
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              Levels of insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from some Latin American countries.

              Eight Latin American strains of Aedes aegypti were evaluated for resistance to 6 organophosphates (temephos, malathion, fenthion, pirimiphos-methyl, fenitrothion, and chlorpirifos) and 4 pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, betacypermethrin, and cyfluthrin) under laboratory conditions. In larval bioassays, temephos resistance was high (resistance ratio [RR50], > or =10X) in the majority of the strains, except for the Nicaragua and Venezuela strains, which showed moderate resistance (RR50, between 5 and 10X). The majority of the strains were susceptible to malathion, fenthion, and fenitrothion. However, resistance to pirimiphos-methyl ranged from moderate to high in most of the strains. Larvae from Havana City were resistant to 3 of the pyrethroids tested and moderately resistant to cyfluthrin. The Santiago de Cuba strain showed high resistance to deltamethrin and moderate resistance to the other pyrethroids (lambdacyhalothrin, betacypermethrin, and cyfluthrin). The rest of the strains were susceptible to pyrethroids, except for the Jamaica and Costa Rica strains, which showed moderate resistance to cyfluthrin, and Peru and Venezuela, which showed resistance to deltamethrin. Adult bioassays showed that all the strains were resistant to dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane and to the majority of pyrethroids evaluated. The use of the synergists S,S,S,-tributyl phosphorotrithioate and piperonil butoxide showed that esterase and monooxygenases played an important role in the temephos, pirimiphos-methyl, and chlorpirifos resistance in some strains. Biochemical tests showed high frequencies of esterase and glutathione-S-transferase activity; however, the frequency of altered acetylcholinesterase mechanism was low. The polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel detected the presence of a strong band called Est-A4. Insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is a serious problem facing control operations, and integrated control strategies are recommended to help prevent or delay the temephos resistance in larvae and pyrethroids resistance in adults.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bmsa
                Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental
                Bol Mal Salud Amb
                Instituto de Altos Estudios en Salud Pública Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldon (Maracay )
                1690-4648
                January 2013
                : 53
                : 1
                : 46-55
                Article
                S1690-46482013000100006
                20b095bc-7a59-4054-9b2b-86cf534e15a4

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1690-4648&lng=en
                Categories
                INFECTIOUS DISEASES
                PARASITOLOGY

                Parasitology,Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Aedes aegypti,esterases,malathion,susceptibility,esterasas,malation,susceptibilidad

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