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      Traction fields, moments, and strain energy that cells exert on their surroundings.

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          Abstract

          Adherent cells exert tractions on their surroundings. These tractions can be measured by observing the displacements of beads embedded on a flexible gel substrate on which the cells are cultured. This paper presents an exact solution to the problem of computing the traction field from the observed displacement field. The solution rests on recasting the relationship between displacements and tractions into Fourier space, where the recovery of the traction field is especially simple. We present two subcases of the solution, depending on whether or not tractions outside the observed cell boundaries are set to be zero. The implementation is computationally efficient. We also give the solution for the traction field in a representative human airway smooth muscle cell contracted by treatment with histamine. Finally, we give explicit formulas for reducing the traction and displacement fields to contraction moments, the orientation of the principal axes of traction, and the strain energy imparted by the cell to the substrate.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
          American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
          American Physiological Society
          0363-6143
          0363-6143
          Mar 2002
          : 282
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jbutler@hsph.harvard.edu
          Article
          10.1152/ajpcell.00270.2001
          11832345
          20b15267-2357-4374-8cbc-4267cada26fc
          History

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