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      SNAP-Ed (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program–Education) Increases Long-Term Food Security among Indiana Households with Children in a Randomized Controlled Study

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          Abstract

          Food insecurity is negatively associated with US children's dietary intake and health. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) aims to alleviate food insecurity by offering nutrition, budgeting, and healthy lifestyle education to low-income individuals and families.

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          Most cited references13

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          Food insufficiency, family income, and health in US preschool and school-aged children.

          This study investigated associations between family income, food insufficiency, and health among US preschool and school-aged children. Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Children were classified as food insufficient if the family respondent reported that the family sometimes or often did not get enough food to eat. Regression analyses were conducted with health measures as the outcome variables. Prevalence rates of health variables were compared by family income category, with control for age and gender. Odds ratios for food insufficiency were calculated with control for family income and other potential confounding factors. Low-income children had a higher prevalence of poor/fair health status and iron deficiency than high-income children. After confounding factors, including poverty status, had been controlled, food-insufficient children were significantly more likely to have poorer health status and to experience more frequent stomachaches and headaches than food-sufficient children; preschool food-insufficient children had more frequent colds. Food insufficiency and low family income are health concerns for US preschool and school-aged children.
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            Food insecurity is associated with iron deficiency anemia in US adolescents.

            Food insecurity, a condition of low or very low food security, is associated with decreased nutrient intake and poor health, which can lead to nutrient deficiency in children, including iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. The purpose of this study was to formally investigate the current relation of iron status and food security status among children aged 3-19 y (n = 11,247). Participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 were classified for food security status by using the US Children's Food Security Scale and the US Household Food Security Scale. Iron deficiency was defined as > or =2 abnormal values for transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin, with the addition of abnormal hemoglobin to classify iron deficiency anemia. The odds of iron deficiency anemia among children aged 12-15 y were 2.95 times (95% CI: 1.18, 7.37; P = 0.02) those for children in households with food insecurity among children compared with children in households with food security among children. The results of this study indicate a continuing need for successful interventions to reduce iron deficiency anemia among food-insecure children and to improve food security among children.
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              Context and sequelae of food insecurity in children's development.

              The authors examined the role of food insecurity in the etiology of children's cognitive and mental health problems. Data from a prospective longitudinal study of 1,116 United Kingdom families with twins (sample constructed in 1999-2000) were used to test associations among household food insecurity; income; maternal personality; household sensitivity to children's needs; and children's cognitive, behavioral, and emotional development. Food-insecure children had lower IQs and higher levels of behavioral and emotional problems relative to their peers. After differences in household income, the personalities of children's mothers, and the sensitivity of household organization to children's needs were accounted for, food-insecure children had moderately higher levels of emotional problems relative to food-secure children (β = 0.22, P = 0.02). Differences in children's cognitive development were accounted for by household income, and differences in their behavioral development were accounted for by their mothers' personalities and their households' sensitivity to children's needs. Results suggest that food insecurity was associated with school-aged children's emotional problems but not with their cognitive or behavioral problems after accounting for differences in the home environments in which children were reared. Mothers' personality and household sensitivity to children's needs may present challenges to improving outcomes of children with food insecurity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Journal of Nutrition
                American Society for Nutrition
                0022-3166
                1541-6100
                November 01 2016
                November 01 2016
                : 146
                : 11
                : 2375-2382
                Article
                10.3945/jn.116.231373
                27683869
                20b3e987-ef78-4a1e-86dc-e2763f24621f
                © 2016
                History

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