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      Welcome to volume 6 of Future Science OA

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          Abstract

          Welcome to the first issue of volume 6 from Future Science OA! In this Foreword, I will take a look over both the highlights of 2019 in Future Science OA and what we can expect from 2020. The year of 2019 was a fantastic year for the journal, with it becoming indexed on Scopus and seeing an average of 38,000 full-text readers a month across our approximately 450 publications. Those readers come to access great research and we published some really interesting articles in 2019 from a wide range of topics. My personal highlight was an article entitled “‘Academic periodization’: using approaches from elite sport to benefit early career academics” by J Gonzalez and K Deighton [1]. This article was part of a special issue focused on early career researchers and discussed how periodization – a method used by athletes to maximize performance while minimizing risk of overtraining and injury – can be applied to early career researchers. This article formed part of an excellent issue guest edited by L Heaney (Loughborough University, UK), one of our panel of Young Ambassadors, and is well worth a read for any researcher looking to advance their career without burning out [2]. Another fantastic article was a review entitled “Bromodomain and extra-terminal motif inhibitors: a review of preclinical and clinical advances in cancer therapy” by Alqahtani et al [3]. This is our second most-read article from 2019 (after [1]) and makes for a fascinating read. These articles are by no means my only highlights from this year – it is hard to pick from the over 70 new research, review and opinion pieces we have published this year, as well as the novel methodologies and data notes! We also supported the third iteration of the Future Science Early Career Research Award, which has been renamed the Future Science Future Star Award. This year, M Pizarro-Guajardo (Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile) won, following stiff competition from 28 candidates [4]. She will be guest editing a special issue of Future Science OA, which will be published in 2020. In the meantime, you can find out more about her fantastic career so far in our winner’s podcast [5]. This year also saw the publication of a research article from last year’s winner, V Mucci [6]. Mucci’s study examined the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy for patients with Mal de Debarquement syndrome. We are delighted with how winning the award has increased visibility of research into this rare neurological disorder. Journal statistics It currently takes, on average, 9 weeks from submission to acceptance of an article for publication in Future Science OA. The journal currently accepts 80.5% of submissions for publication. At the time of writing (all data were collected on 25 November 2019), the journal has received 787 citations in 2019 – an appreciable increase on 2018 (data taken from Dimensions [7]). This year, Future Science OA articles have also been mentioned in the news 44-times and the editorial team is always delighted to see articles being picked up and communicated to the public. In terms of topic areas, this year the journal has continued last year’s trend [8], with a higher percentage of publications in the oncology and immunology/microbiology topic areas (Figure 1). This mirrors the state of the biomedical field, with oncology, immunology and infectious diseases remaining highly researched topic areas. Author demographics also remained fairly consistent, seeing a small decrease in the proportion of authors from the USA, in favor of Africa and Asia, which is something that has been made feasible by our fee waiver program (Figure 2). Figure 1.  Topics covered in Future Science OA by percentage in 2019. Figure 2.  Future Science OA author demographics in 2019. The proportion of our readers from each continent has also remained relatively similar, with a small decrease in those from the USA and increase in those in Asia (Figure 3). It should be noted, however, that the number of readers is much higher year-on-year. Figure 3.  Future Science OA reader demographics in 2019. One final fact I would like to note is that since our launch in 2015, we have had 433 of our articles listed on ScienceOpen [9], which also tells us that those articles have referenced, and thus built upon 15,344 other articles. With reference lists so often hidden behind a paywall, it is fascinating to be able to see such contextual information for our articles. Thanks to our contributors Future Science OA would not be able to succeed without the time investment made by our contributors – this includes our excellent editorial board as well as the thousands of authors and peer reviewers we have worked with since our launch in 2015. Looking forward to 2020 The year of 2019 has been fabulous and we have some excellent plans for 2020, too. We have recently begun hosting all of our supplementary information on Figshare, meaning that information is both easily available and citable, helping us to support the open data movement. We are also intending to integrate with bioRxiv, allowing those who post their preprints to submit straight to the journal, decreasing the time spent inputting information into submission systems. We will also be supporting the next iteration of the Future Science Future Star Award and publishing the thematic issue guest edited by this year’s winner. I look forward to working with you all!

          Most cited references4

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          Bromodomain and extra-terminal motif inhibitors: a review of preclinical and clinical advances in cancer therapy

          Histone lysine acetylation is critical in regulating transcription. Dysregulation of this process results in aberrant gene expression in various diseases, including cancer. The bromodomain, present in several proteins, recognizes promotor lysine acetylation and recruits other transcription factors. The bromodomain extra-terminal (BET) family of proteins consists of four conserved mammalian members that regulate transcription of oncogenes such as MYC and the NUT fusion oncoprotein. Targeting the acetyl-lysine-binding property of BET proteins is a potential therapeutic approach of cancer. Consequently, following the demonstration that thienotriazolodiazepine small molecules effectively inhibit BET, clinical trials were initiated. We thus discuss the mechanisms of action of various BET inhibitors and the prospects for their clinical use as cancer therapeutics.
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            Pilot study on patients with Mal de Debarquement syndrome during pregnancy

            Aim: To evaluate if patients with Mal de Debarquement syndrome (MdDS) demonstrate different symptom levels or symptom type during pregnancy. Materials & methods: 18 MdDS patients that were or had been pregnant during their condition were recruited to complete a retrospective online questionnaire. Respondents answered questions regarding their basic clinical data, diagnosis, triggers and differences in symptom level and symptom type during pregnancy and before pregnancy. Results: A total of 81.3% reported that their symptoms were reduced during pregnancy compared with before pregnancy. Respondents also reported a different perception of motion and experienced less dizziness while being pregnant. Conclusion: The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy improve the symptoms of patients with MdDS, and this is potentially attributable to the rise in estrogen and progesterone.
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              ‘Academic periodization’: using approaches from elite sport to benefit early career academics

              Working in academia can be a pleasure and a privilege. Benefits of this role include high levels of mental stimulation, the pursuit of new knowledge and understanding, opportunities to nurture engaged students, and the study of interesting topics. Indeed, the work of many academics overlaps with a natural interest which can blur the line between leisure-time activities and employment. Nevertheless, many challenges and difficulties also exist in a climate of substantial pressures, demands and responsibilities. These pressures may be enhanced in the experiences of early career academics as staff try to balance a variety of new responsibilities, including teaching, research and administrative roles. As academics with an interest in exercise science, we believe that several approaches and concepts from the world of elite sport may be used to benefit the work of early career academics. One such concept is periodization, which broadly describes the planning of training and nutritional intakes to stimulate specific physiological adaptations aimed at maximizing performance, while minimizing the risk of overtraining and injury [1,2]. This can be mirrored in an academic context through planned approaches for the achievement of progressive goals to reach major objectives. Our model of academic periodization aims to apply this concept to support efficiency and performance, while minimizing the risk of overworking or burnout among young academics. Long-term periodization Periodization involves planning backward from a primary overarching aim. In elite sports, the target is often a major competition, such as the Olympic Games, which would require planning for the 4-year cycle between events. Accordingly, case studies of successful Olympic athletes have reported the efficacious targeting of progressive annual improvements in physiological development and performance during this 4-year period [3]. Such planning with a long-term focus for progressive development may be especially relevant for early career academics who are establishing themselves within a field. Many institutions have an academic probation period of 3–5 years, during which they have the chance to establish this career foundation. In this regard, the development of an appropriate track record of small funding grants, data collection and publications seems essential for the generation of major external research funding. Herein lies an additional analogy to sport, whereby large grants are almost always improved when collaboration is included, where people with unique expertise can pull together to achieve a goal that would otherwise be impossible for an individual. Potential approaches for periodizing academia across timeframes of years, months, weeks and days are provided in the sections below. The parallels with elite sport are considered throughout. Annual & monthly periodization Annual periodization in a sporting context involves progression through specific training phases to target key adaptations, preparation activities and performance objectives [4]. Equally, an academic cycle may focus on aspects of specific method development to enable data collection and writing to achieve annual goals of journal article publications and grant applications. It is important to note within a sporting context that athletes ‘peak’ for optimal performance at specific points during the year because attempts to maintain optimal form for excessive periods increases the risk of overtraining and burnout. For example, a Tour de France cyclist will achieve a body mass during the 3-week competition in July that would be dangerously low if maintained constantly throughout the year. Equivalently, ‘peak’ phases exist within an academic cycle where there is greater opportunity to perform the high intensity work required with research activity, but if this were to be sustained throughout the year, this could have a detrimental impact on mental or physical health. Planning specific research activities in relation to the corresponding workload from teaching and administrative responsibilities may benefit efficiency and productivity. Considerations within this approach include planning which aspects of research momentum can be maintained at different stages of the academic cycle. For example, it may not be achievable to write large grant applications and publications during the months of the year when teaching and administrative responsibilities are most demanding. However, it may still be feasible to continue aspects of data collection, data processing or skill development. Equivalently in endurance sport, efforts to maximize finishing speed occur at different stages of a season than efforts to maximize aerobic fitness, due to confliction in the physiological load required for these adaptations. Ultimately, the appropriate timing of these stages in an athletic cycle facilitates optimal development toward targeted annual goals [5] . Such planning for different stages of the academic year to maintain research momentum can provide a platform for the completion of more advanced research activities during the ‘peak’ phase of an academic cycle when other competing demands have reduced. The periodization of an academic year may also consider how demands differ between semesters and when ‘peak’ opportunities for research delivery will be present. Evidently, planned activities within the periodization model must be successfully completed for the achievement of research aims, which emphasizes the need to avoid any substitution of these high-intensity research activities with less demanding tasks. Daily & weekly periodization Daily and weekly periodization requires an appropriate balance between low, moderate and high-intensity activities to optimize adaptations and progress while ensuring sufficient recovery [5]. As with the categorization of exercise intensities, the varied tasks involved in academic roles can be broadly classified as being low, moderate or high-intensity according to their cognitive demands. For example, the synthesis of new knowledge represents a high-intensity activity, while moderate intensity activities may include aspects of teaching preparation, and low-intensity activities may include attendance at administrative meetings, basic data inputting or the processing of generic emails. However, it is important to acknowledge that the intensity of different activities may vary between contexts and the reader is therefore encouraged to consider the relative intensities of the tasks completed within their respective roles. The synthesis of new knowledge through research activities is undoubtedly a high-intensity activity, which makes it important to prioritize this activity for maximal performance during the most productive periods of a day. Although this may differ between individuals, performing these tasks earlier in the working day may be beneficial where possible to avoid preceding fatigue from lower intensity activities. This approach would also enable the scheduling of low and moderate intensity activities (e.g., meetings or emails) as a break from high-intensity tasks to protect against excessive fatigue. A similar approach for balancing these activities can also be planned across weekly schedules to maximize productivity while limiting the risk of burnout. The planned periodization of tasks within a day can also be an important consideration for minimizing ‘task switching’, which can impair working memory and consequently reduce performance during high-intensity academic activities. Indeed, focusing on a single task while minimizing other distractions has been shown to increase the efficiency and quality of task completion [6,7]. The consideration to check emails as a scheduled break from high-intensity activities and turning off alerts during high-intensity tasks represent common examples of strategies to discretely periodize activities within a day. Summary Academic periodization is based on concepts used to optimize elite sporting performance and this may represent an effective approach to help young academics reflect on their working practices in order to meet the demands of their roles. The focus on maximizing efficiency hopes to benefit performance, but also to reduce the risk of early career academics engaging with excessive working hours. The core principle of rest must also be considered within this model of periodization and it is hoped that improved efficiency can increase opportunities for rest and recovery within the academic cycle.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Future Sci OA
                Future Sci OA
                FSOA
                Future Science OA
                Future Science Ltd (London, UK )
                2056-5623
                16 December 2019
                January 2020
                16 December 2019
                : 6
                : 1
                : FSO447
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Future Science Group, Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, London, N3 1QB, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Author for correspondence: f.lake@ 123456future-science.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-6518
                Article
                10.2144/fsoa-2019-0148
                6923781
                20b62a69-6bff-4105-bf57-cdfe0f790588
                © 2019 Newlands Press

                This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

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