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      La precariedad laboral medida de forma multidimensional: distribución social y asociación con la salud en Cataluña Translated title: Multidimensional measurement of precarious employment: social distribution and its association with health in Catalonia (Spain)

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Mostrar por vez primera la prevalencia de la precariedad laboral medida en forma multidimensional en Cataluña y su asociación con la salud mental y autopercibida. Método: Estudio transversal con datos de la II Encuesta Catalana de Condiciones de Trabajo (2010) con una submuestra de personas asalariadas con contrato. Se calculó la prevalencia de precariedad laboral usando una escala multidimensional, y su asociación con la salud mediante regresiones log-binomiales multivariadas estratificadas por sexo. Resultados: La prevalencia de la precariedad en Cataluña es alta (42,6%). Encontramos mayor precariedad en las mujeres y en los/las trabajadores/as jóvenes, inmigrantes, manuales y con menor educación. Existe un gradiente positivo en la asociación con la mala salud. Conclusiones: La precariedad laboral se asocia con peor salud en la población trabajadora. Deberían incluirse preguntas sobre precariedad e indicadores de salud en las encuestas de condiciones de trabajo para poder realizar una posterior vigilancia y un análisis de las desigualdades en salud.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To show the prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia (Spain) for the first time and its association with mental and self-rated health, measured with a multidimensional scale. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the II Catalan Working Conditions Survey (2010) with a subsample of employed workers with a contract. The prevalence of precarious employment using a multidimensional scale and its association with health was calculated using multivariate log-binomial regression stratified by gender. Results: The prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia was high (42.6%). We found higher precariousness in women, youth, immigrants, and manual and less educated workers. There was a positive gradient in the association between precarious employment and poor health. Conclusions: Precarious employment is associated with poor health in the working population. Working conditions surveys should include questions on precarious employment and health indicators, which would allow monitoring and subsequent analyses of health inequalities.

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          Most cited references63

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          Precarious employment: understanding an emerging social determinant of health.

          Employment precariousness is a social determinant that affects the health of workers, families, and communities. Its recent popularity has been spearheaded by three main developments: the surge in "flexible employment" and its associated erosion of workers' employment and working conditions since the mid-1970s; the growing interest in social determinants of health, including employment conditions; and the availability of new data and information systems. This article identifies the historical, economic, and political factors that link precarious employment to health and health equity; reviews concepts, models, instruments, and findings on precarious employment and health inequalities; summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of this literature; and highlights substantive and methodological challenges that need to be addressed. We identify two crucial future aims: to provide a compelling research program that expands our understanding of employment precariousness and to develop and evaluate policy programs that effectively put an end to its health-related impacts.
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            Temporary employment and health: a review.

            We aimed to review evidence on the relationship between temporary employment and health, and to see whether the association is dependent on outcome measure, instability of employment, and contextual factors. We systematically searched for studies of temporary employment and various health outcomes and critically appraised 27 studies. The review suggests higher psychological morbidity among temporary workers compared with permanent employees. According to some studies, temporary workers also have a higher risk of occupational injuries but their sickness absence is lower. Morbidity may be higher in temporary jobs with high employment instability and in countries with a lower number of temporary workers and unemployed workers. The evidence indicates an association between temporary employment and psychological morbidity. The health risk may depend on instability of temporary employment and the context. Confounding by occupation may have biased some of the studies. Additional research to clarify the role of employment instability, hazard accumulation, and selection is recommended.
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              The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): reliability, external validity and factor structure in the Spanish population.

              The purpose of this study was to analyze the internal consistency and the external and structure validity of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in the Spanish general population. A stratified sample of 1001 subjects, ages between 25 and 65 years, taken from the general Spanish population was employed. The GHQ-12 and the Inventory of Situations and Responses of Anxiety-ISRA were administered. A Cronbach's alpha of .76 (Standardized Alpha: .78) and a 3-factor structure (with oblique rotation and maximum likelihood procedure) were obtained. External validity of Factor I (Successful Coping) with the ISRA is very robust (.82; Factor II, .70; Factor III, .75). The GHQ-12 shows adequate reliability and validity in the Spanish population. Therefore, the GHQ-12 can be used with efficacy to assess people's overall psychological well-being and to detect non-psychotic psychiatric problems. Additionally, our results confirm that the GHQ-12 can best be thought of as a multidimensional scale that assesses several distinct aspects of distress, rather than just a unitary screening measure.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                October 2015
                : 29
                : 5
                : 375-378
                Affiliations
                [03] Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra orgdiv1Public Policy Center España
                [01] Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra orgdiv1Departament de Ciències Pòlitiques i Socials orgdiv2Grup de Recerca en Desigualtats en Salut-Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET) España
                [04] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Autóma de Madrid orgdiv1Transdisciplinary Research Group on Socioecological Transitions GinTRANS) España
                [05] Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra orgdiv1Departmet de Humanitats orgdiv2Grup de Recerca en Moviments Socials (CEMS) España
                [07] Santiago orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Salud Pública Chile
                [08] Santiago orgnameNational Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) orgdiv1Financing Fund Research Centres Priority Areas (FONDAP) orgdiv2Center for Sustainable Urban Development (CEDEUS) Chile
                [02] orgnameJohns Hopkins University
                [06] Barcelona orgnameGeneralitat de Catalunya orgdiv1Departamento de Empresa y Ocupación orgdiv2Subdirección General de Seguridad y Salud Laboral España
                Article
                S0213-91112015000500011
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.04.002
                25980757
                20ca6f73-b638-4f51-8ef4-832b4f2f08d6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 February 2015
                : 02 April 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Salud mental,Salud,Determinantes sociales de la salud,Empleo,Mental health,Health,Social determinants of health,Employment

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