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      Ethnomedicinal Plant Knowledge of the Karen in Thailand

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          Abstract

          The Thai Karen, the largest hill-tribe in Thailand, guard substantial ethnomedicinal plant knowledge, as documented in several studies that targeted single villages. Here, we have compiled information from all the reliable and published sources to present a comprehensive overview of the Karen ethnomedicinal plant knowledge. Our dataset covers 31 Karen villages distributed over eight provinces in Thailand. We used the Cultural Importance Index (CI) to determine which species were the most valuable to the Karen and the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) to evaluate how well distributed the knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants was in various medicinal use categories. In the 31 Karen villages, we found 3188 reports of ethnomedicinal plant uses of 732 species in 150 plant families. Chromolaena odorata, Biancaea sappan, and Tinospora crispa were the most important medicinal plants, with the highest CI values. The Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Zingiberaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, and Menispermaceae were the families with the highest CI values in the mentioned order. A high proportion of all the 3188 Karen use reports were used to treat digestive, general and unspecified, musculoskeletal, and skin disorders.

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          Mapping human genetic diversity in Asia.

           Timothy A Jinam,  Wayne Mitchell,  Amit Chaurasia … (2009)
          Asia harbors substantial cultural and linguistic diversity, but the geographic structure of genetic variation across the continent remains enigmatic. Here we report a large-scale survey of autosomal variation from a broad geographic sample of Asian human populations. Our results show that genetic ancestry is strongly correlated with linguistic affiliations as well as geography. Most populations show relatedness within ethnic/linguistic groups, despite prevalent gene flow among populations. More than 90% of East Asian (EA) haplotypes could be found in either Southeast Asian (SEA) or Central-South Asian (CSA) populations and show clinal structure with haplotype diversity decreasing from south to north. Furthermore, 50% of EA haplotypes were found in SEA only and 5% were found in CSA only, indicating that SEA was a major geographic source of EA populations.
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            Medicinal plant knowledge and its erosion among the Mien (Yao) in northern Thailand.

             Kamonnate Srithi,  Prachaya Srisanga,  Henrik Balslev … (2009)
            We studied local knowledge and actual uses of medicinal plants among the Mien in northern Thailand, documenting traditional medical practices and its transfer between generations. With the assumption that discrepancies between knowledge and actual use represent knowledge erosion, we studied whether actual use of medicinal plants corresponded to people's knowledge of such uses. We used local knowledge from four specialist informants as the domain for semi-structured interviews with 34 randomly selected non-specialist informants. We calculated informant consensus, use value, and fidelity level for each species and use category and performed statistical analyses with Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and paired-sample t-tests. We found significant discrepancies between knowledge and actual use of medicinal plants. The number of known and actually used plants increased with increasing informant age and decreased with increasing years of formal education. Medicinal plant knowledge and use in these Mien communities is undergoing inter-generational erosion because of acculturation and interrupted knowledge transmission. Preservation of Mien medicinal plant intellectual heritage requires continued documentation concerning use, conservation, and sustainable management of this resource, which should be publicized to younger Mien.
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              Forgetting the Forest: Assessing Medicinal Plant Erosion in Eastern Brazil

               Robert Voeks,  Angela Leony (2004)
              Article 0 comments Cited 44 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Plants (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Plants (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plants
                Title: Plants
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2223-7747
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 June 2020
                Publication date Collection: July 2020
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 7
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; methee.phu@ 123456mahidol.edu
                [2 ]Sireeruckhacharti Nature Learning Park, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
                [3 ]Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; henrik.balslev@ 123456bios.au.dk
                [4 ]Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; rapeeporn_ka@ 123456cmu.ac.th (R.K.); sukhumaabhorn_kaew@ 123456cmu.ac.th (S.K.)
                [5 ]Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: plants-09-00813
                DOI: 10.3390/plants9070813
                PMC ID: 7412177
                PubMed ID: 32610436
                Copyright statement: © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Data availability:

                Keywords: important plants, medicinal plants, traditional knowledge, ethnic group, ethnobotany

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