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      From panic to pedagogy: Using online active learning to promote inclusive instruction in ecology and evolutionary biology courses and beyond

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          Abstract

          The rapid shift to online teaching in spring 2020 meant most of us were teaching in panic mode. As we move forward with course planning for fall and beyond, we can invest more time and energy into improving the online experience for our students. We advocate that instructors use inclusive teaching practices, specifically through active learning, in their online classes. Incorporating pedagogical practices that work to maximize active and inclusive teaching concepts will be beneficial for all students, and especially those from minoritized or underserved groups. Like many STEM fields, Ecology and Evolution shows achievement gaps and faces a leaky pipeline issue for students from groups traditionally underserved in science. Making online classes both active and inclusive will aid student learning and will also help students feel more connected to their learning, their peers, and their campus. This approach will likely help with performance, retention, and persistence of students. In this paper, we offer broadly applicable strategies and techniques that weave together active and inclusive teaching practices. We challenge instructors to commit to making small changes as a first step to more inclusive teaching in ecology and evolutionary biology courses.

          Abstract

          We encourage instructors to use inclusive teaching practices and active learning in their online classes. Incorporating pedagogical practices that work to maximize active and inclusive teaching concepts will be beneficial for all students, and especially those from minoritized or underserved groups. In this paper, we offer strategies and techniques that weave together active and inclusive teaching practices and challenge faculty to commit to making small changes as a first step to more inclusive teaching in ecology and evolutionary.

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          Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics.

          To test the hypothesis that lecturing maximizes learning and course performance, we metaanalyzed 225 studies that reported data on examination scores or failure rates when comparing student performance in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses under traditional lecturing versus active learning. The effect sizes indicate that on average, student performance on examinations and concept inventories increased by 0.47 SDs under active learning (n = 158 studies), and that the odds ratio for failing was 1.95 under traditional lecturing (n = 67 studies). These results indicate that average examination scores improved by about 6% in active learning sections, and that students in classes with traditional lecturing were 1.5 times more likely to fail than were students in classes with active learning. Heterogeneity analyses indicated that both results hold across the STEM disciplines, that active learning increases scores on concept inventories more than on course examinations, and that active learning appears effective across all class sizes--although the greatest effects are in small (n ≤ 50) classes. Trim and fill analyses and fail-safe n calculations suggest that the results are not due to publication bias. The results also appear robust to variation in the methodological rigor of the included studies, based on the quality of controls over student quality and instructor identity. This is the largest and most comprehensive metaanalysis of undergraduate STEM education published to date. The results raise questions about the continued use of traditional lecturing as a control in research studies, and support active learning as the preferred, empirically validated teaching practice in regular classrooms.
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            Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.

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              Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Breanna.n.harris@ttu.edu
                Journal
                Ecol Evol
                Ecol Evol
                10.1002/(ISSN)2045-7758
                ECE3
                Ecology and Evolution
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2045-7758
                29 October 2020
                November 2020
                : 10
                : 22 , Taking learning online in ecology and evolution ( doiID: 10.1002/ece3.v10.22 )
                : 12581-12612
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
                [ 2 ] Department of Chemistry Morgan State University Baltimore MD USA
                [ 3 ] Department of Biology Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond LA USA
                [ 4 ] Department of Biology Pacific Lutheran University Tacoma WA USA
                [ 5 ] Department of Biology University of San Diego San Diego CA USA
                [ 6 ] Department of Geosciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
                [ 7 ] Biology Department St. Mary’s College of Maryland St. Mary’s City MD USA
                [ 8 ] Department of Advanced Studies, Leadership, and Policy Morgan State University Baltimore MD USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Breanna N. Harris, Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409‐3131, USA.

                Email: Breanna.n.harris@ 123456ttu.edu

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-0914
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-1677
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4692-3225
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-9514
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-9571
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-2398
                Article
                ECE36915
                10.1002/ece3.6915
                7679552
                33250996
                20e9395c-62d9-40ab-90e3-2f9cb7a48ab0
                © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 July 2020
                : 06 September 2020
                : 30 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Pages: 32, Words: 26705
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute of General Medical Sciences , open-funder-registry 10.13039/100000057;
                Award ID: P2O GM103424‐18
                Funded by: American Association of University Women , open-funder-registry 10.13039/100005280;
                Categories
                Academic Practice in Ecology and Evolution
                Academic Practice in Ecology and Evolution
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                November 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.9.4 mode:remove_FC converted:21.11.2020

                Evolutionary Biology
                active learning,culturally responsive,equity,inclusive teaching,trauma‐informed,udl

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