Relevance of serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and very
low-density lipoproteins in nulli/primiparous and multiparous cows in the close-up
period

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Abstract

Serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in close-up dairy cattle were compared in relation to parity. Data were obtained from 37 nulli/primiparous (NP) and 24 multiparous (MU, parity: 2–7) cows between 14 days and 1 day prepartum. A positive correlation (r=0.684, P<0.01) was found between serum NEFA and VLDL concentrations in NP cows. Among the VLDL constituents, the NEFA concentration was particularly correlated with the triglyceride (TG) concentration (r=0.658, P<0.01). However, no significant correlation was found between the concentrations of NEFA and VLDL or VLDL-TG in MU cows (r=−0.028 and 0.307). These results suggest the presence of higher hepatic secretion of NEFA-derived VLDL in NP cows.

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Most cited references 22

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Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows.

J. Ferguson, D T Galligan, N Thomsen (1994)

The objective of this study was to assess objectively the ability of observers to assess body condition of dairy cows. Four observers independently assigned a body condition score (five-point scale, .25 increments) and described the appearance of seven body regions of 225 Holstein cows. Areas described were the thurl region, ischial and ileal tuberosities, ilio-sacral and ischio-coccygeal ligaments, transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, and spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae. An absolute body condition score was designated for each cow based on the modal body condition score for all observers. If there was no modal body condition score, the mean score was used for the absolute body condition score. Statistical analysis of principal components was used to examine the relationship between body region description and absolute body condition score. Descriptions of body regions were highly correlated across all absolute body condition scores. Four principal component vectors explained 83.6% of the variation of the body region correlation matrix. The first principal latent vector accounted for 55% of the variation and was uniformly correlated with all body regions. Analysis of variance of first principal latent vector as the dependent variable and absolute body condition score as the class variable indicated that body condition could be separated into .25 units between 2.5 and 4.0, inclusively. Below 2.5 and > 4.0, body condition could only be separated by .5 units. Distinct changes in specific body regions were associated with change in absolute body condition score. Observers agreed with the absolute score 58.1% of the time, deviating by .25 units 32.6% of the time. A body condition score can be given to a cow based on principal descriptors of specific body regions between 2.5 and 4.0 by .25 units.

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Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period.

Ric R Grummer, Doug G Mashek, A Hayirli (2004)

It is easy, based on theoretic considerations, to make the argument that maximizing DMI is important to minimize postpartum complications and losses in milk production that may be associated with them. However, research over the past several years provides ample evidence that successful "passage" through the periparturient period is more complicated than simply maximizing feed intake. Anecdotal evidence from veterinarians and nutrition consultants also confirm that feeding low-NDF diets to achieve high prepartum feed intakes during the prefresh transition period does not necessarily solve fresh-cow problems. Perhaps more important than maximizing feed intake is to minimize the likelihood of cows experiencing large drops in feed intake immediately before parturition. Retrospective analysis of existing data sets indicates that this hypothesis has merit; research must be conducted to vigorously test it. Until then, it seems reasonable to try to achieve high DMI, if it can be sustained through parturition. If it cannot, perhaps a more conservative approach is to limit voluntary intake by increasing dietary fiber, because data suggests that cows fed in such a manner experience less dramatic decreases in feed intake as parturition approaches. We examined the importance of parity, body condition score, and various diet components that may influence DMI during the final 3 weeks before parturition, but they only explained 18% of the variation in intake among cows. Clearly, there are many other factors that affect intake that need to be identified. Aspects of farm management that may influence animal stress need to be investigated, particularly during the prefresh transition period when cows are inherently prone to reductions in feed intake.

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Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance. Influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver.

T Herdt (2000)

Ketosis and fatty liver occur when physiologic mechanisms for the adaptation to negative energy balance fail. Failure of hepatic gluconeogenesis to supply adequate glucose for lactation and body needs may be one cause of ketosis; however, poor feedback control of nonesterified fatty acid release from adipose tissue is another likely cause of ketosis and fatty liver. The types of ketosis resulting from these two metabolic lesions may require different therapeutic and prophylactic approaches.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Med Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Vet. Med. Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JVMS

Title: The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Publisher: The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science

ISSN (Print): 0916-7250

ISSN (Electronic): 1347-7439

Publication date (Electronic): 13 August 2017

Publication date (Print): October 2017

Volume: 79

Issue: 10

Pages: 1656-1659

Affiliations

[1) ]Department of Veterinary Herd Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence to: Oikawa, S.: oishin@ 123456rakuno.ac.jp

Article

Publisher ID: 17-0212

DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0212

PMC ID: 5658554

PubMed ID: 28804115

SO-VID: 20ea4fbe-892b-4984-9e18-171a494789cd

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

Relevance of serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and very low-density lipoproteins in nulli/primiparous and multiparous cows in the close-up period

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Most cited references 22

Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows.

Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period.

Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance. Influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver.

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