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      Moral Disengagement and Generalized Social Trust as Mediators and Moderators of Rule-Respecting Behaviors During the COVID-19 Outbreak

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          Abstract

          In this study, we tested a theoretical model with moral disengagement, a mediator, and generalized social trust (GST), a mediator and a moderator of the relationship between personality traits and rule-respecting behaviors (i.e., social distancing and stay-at-home), during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy. The data were collected on 1520 participants (61% males). General results are threefold: (1) moral disengagement mediated the relationship between emotional stability, narcissism, psychopathy, and social distancing; (2) among components of GST, trust in Government mediated the relationship between psychopathy and social distancing; trust in known others mediated the relationship between emotional stability, agreeableness, and Machiavellianism with total number of exits; trust in unknown others mediated the relationship of emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and psychopathy with average daily number of exits; (3) GST moderated the indirect effect of personality traits on rule-respecting behaviors through moral disengagement. The theoretical and practical importance of these results is discussed.

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          Most cited references50

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          The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy

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            The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad.

            There has been an exponential increase of interest in the dark side of human nature during the last decade. To better understand this dark side, the authors developed and validated a concise, 12-item measure of the Dark Triad: narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism. In 4 studies involving 1,085 participants, they examined its structural reliability, convergent and discriminant validity (Studies 1, 2, and 4), and test-retest reliability (Study 3). Their measure retained the flexibility needed to measure these 3 independent-yet-related constructs while improving its efficiency by reducing its item count by 87% (from 91 to 12 items). The measure retained its core of disagreeableness, short-term mating, and aggressiveness. They call this measure the Dirty Dozen, but it cleanly measures the Dark Triad.
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              A meta-analysis of the Dark Triad and work behavior: a social exchange perspective.

              We reviewed studies of the Dark Triad (DT) personality traits--Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy-and meta-analytically examined their implications for job performance and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Relations among the DT traits and behaviors were extracted from original reports published between 1951 and 2011 of 245 independent samples (N = 43,907). We found that reductions in the quality of job performance were consistently associated with increases in Machiavellianism and psychopathy and that CWB was associated with increases in all 3 components of the DT, but that these associations were moderated by such contextual factors as authority and culture. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the DT explains moderate amounts of the variance in counterproductivity, but not job performance. The results showed that the 3 traits are positively related to one another but are sufficiently distinctive to warrant theoretical and empirical partitioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                27 August 2020
                2020
                27 August 2020
                : 11
                : 2102
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
                [2] 2Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University , Bowling, OH, United States
                [3] 3Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
                [4] 4Department of Psychology, Salesian Pontifical University , Rome, Italy
                [5] 5Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento , Trento, Italy
                Author notes

                Edited by: Joanna Sokolowska, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland

                Reviewed by: Stefanos Mastrotheodoros, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Liudmila Liutsko, Instituto Salud Global Barcelona (ISGlobal), Spain

                *Correspondence: Guido Alessandri, guido.alessandri@ 123456uniroma1.it

                This article was submitted to Personality and Social Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02102
                7481453
                210de190-5802-4742-a116-6194c9fe1169
                Copyright © 2020 Alessandri, Filosa, Tisak, Crocetti, Crea and Avanzi.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 27 May 2020
                : 28 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 80, Pages: 18, Words: 0
                Categories
                Psychology
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                moral disengagement,big five,dark triad,covid-19 outbreak,rule-respecting behaviors,social distance,moderation,mediation

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