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      Vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after uneventful clipping of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm – a case report

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          Abstract

          Background

          Due to improvements in both the quality and availability of intracranial imaging as well as the evolution of surgical and endovascular techniques during the last decade, the number of treatments of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) has increased steadily. However, it is not generally known that vasospasm can arise after an uneventful clipping.

          Case presentation

          We present a case of a 69-year-old woman who suffered from vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia that occurred after an uneventful clipping of a UIA.

          The aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery was found incidentally via magnetic resonance imaging ordered after the patient complained of a short period of slight gait disturbances. To avoid a subarachnoid hemorrhage and consecutive complications like vasospasms, the patient elected microsurgical treatment. Clipping was managed by keyhole approach. Temporal clipping of the M1 was not necessary. After clip placement, appropriate flow in all distal segments was confirmed by indocyanine green video-angiography and micro-Doppler. The patient was discharged seven days after surgery without neurological deficits.

          After 12 days, the patient developed at home a sudden drooping on the left side of the face. Upon admission to the emergency room, the patient was alert but slightly confused. Neurological examination revealed a left-sided hemiparesis and motor speech disorder. In contrast to the preoperative transfemoral catheter angiography, the subsequent right internal carotid angiogram showed clear signs of vasospasm along the M1 and M2 segments of the right middle cerebral artery.

          Antithrombotic treatment with acetylsalicylic acid was begun. In accordance with guidelines for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage and vasospasm, nimodipine was added. After 11 days the patient was discharged with no symptoms.

          Conclusion

          Cerebral vasospasm as a cause of ischemic stroke after uneventful surgery for a UIA seems to be a rare but possibly underestimated etiology that demands particular attention with respect to providing appropriate treatment. In future, it may be prudent to perform follow-up transcranial ultrasonography testing after the clipping of a UIA, especially considering the availability of potentially neuroprotective medications like nimodipine.

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          Most cited references11

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          Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: epidemiology, natural history, management options, and familial screening.

          Intracranial saccular or berry aneurysms are common, occurring in about 1-2% of the population. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms are increasingly being detected as cross-sectional imaging techniques are used more frequently in clinical practice. Once an unruptured intracranial aneurysm is detected, decisions regarding optimum management are made on the basis of careful comparison of the short-term and long-term risks of aneurysmal rupture with the risk associated with the intervention, whether that be surgical clipping or endovascular management. Several factors need to be carefully considered, including aneurysm size and location, the patient's family history and medical history, and the availability of an interventional option that has an acceptable risk. The patient's knowledge that they have an unruptured intracranial aneurysm can lead to substantial stress and anxiety, and their perspective regarding treatment, after hearing an unbiased appraisal of the rupture risks and the risk of interventional treatment, is of the utmost importance. Controversy remains regarding optimum management, and thorough assessments of the risks and benefits of contemporary management options, specific to aneurysm size, location, and many other aneurysm and patient factors, are needed.
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            Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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              Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: development, rupture and preventive management.

              Saccular unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) have a prevalence of 3% in the adult population, and are being increasingly detected because of improved quality and higher frequency of cranial imaging. Large amounts of data, providing varying levels of evidence, have been published on aneurysm development, progression and rupture, but less information is available on the risks and efficacy of preventive treatment. When deciding how to best manage UIAs, clinicians must consider the age and life expectancy of the patient, the estimated risk of rupture, the risk of complications attributed to preventive treatment, and the level of anxiety caused by the awareness of having an aneurysm. This Review highlights the latest human data on the formation, progression and rupture of intracranial aneurysms, as well as risks associated with preventive treatment. Considering these we discuss the implication for clinical management. Furthermore, we highlight pivotal questions arising from current data on intracranial aneurysms and the implications the data have for future experimental or clinical research. We also discuss data on novel radiological surrogates for rupture for those aneurysms that do not require preventive occlusion. Finally, we provide guidance for clinicians who are confronted with patients with incidentally detected UIAs.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                christin.campe@med.ovgu.de
                jens.neumann@med.ovgu.de
                erol.sandalcioglu@med.ovgu.de
                ali.rashidi@med.ovgu.de
                michael.luchtmann@med.ovgu.de
                Journal
                BMC Neurol
                BMC Neurol
                BMC Neurology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2377
                16 September 2019
                16 September 2019
                2019
                : 19
                : 226
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1018 4307, GRID grid.5807.a, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, , Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, ; Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1018 4307, GRID grid.5807.a, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, , Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, ; Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
                Article
                1458
                10.1186/s12883-019-1458-4
                6745799
                31526396
                212a4f64-7f02-4065-9c9b-28959c297d97
                © The Author(s). 2019

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 18 June 2019
                : 10 September 2019
                Categories
                Case Report
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Neurology
                unruptured intracranial aneurysm,vasospasm,delayed cerebral ischemia
                Neurology
                unruptured intracranial aneurysm, vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia

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