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      Plankton effect on cod recruitment in the North Sea.

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          Abstract

          The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) has been overexploited in the North Sea since the late 1960s and great concern has been expressed about the decline in cod biomass and recruitment. Here we show that, in addition to the effects of overfishing, fluctuations in plankton have resulted in long-term changes in cod recruitment in the North Sea (bottom-up control). Survival of larval cod is shown to depend on three key biological parameters of their prey: the mean size of prey, seasonal timing and abundance. We suggest a mechanism, involving the match/mismatch hypothesis, by which variability in temperature affects larval cod survival and conclude that rising temperature since the mid-1980s has modified the plankton ecosystem in a way that reduces the survival of young cod.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nature
          Nature
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1476-4687
          0028-0836
          Dec 11 2003
          : 426
          : 6967
          Affiliations
          [1 ] CNRS, UMR 8013 ELICO, Station Marine, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille BP 80, 62930 Wimereux, France. gbea@mail.pml.ac.uk
          Article
          nature02164
          10.1038/nature02164
          14668864
          213630c0-3d12-48bd-a5fb-0e1ab5c7de28
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