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      Bone Regeneration by Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Scaffolds Seeded with Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Calvarial Defects of the Nude Mice

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          Abstract

          In the preliminary study, we have found an excellent osteogenic property of nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (nHA/CS/PLGA) scaffolds seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in vitro and subcutaneously in the nude mice. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the osteogenic capacity of nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds seeded with hUCMSCs in the calvarial defects of the nude mice. Totally 108 nude mice were included and divided into 6 groups: PLGA scaffolds + hUCMSCs; nHA/PLGA scaffolds + hUCMSCs; CS/PLGA scaffolds + hUCMSCs; nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds + hUCMSCs; nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds without seeding; the control group (no scaffolds) ( n = 18). The scaffolds were implanted into the calvarial defects of nude mice. The amount of new bones was evaluated by fluorescence labeling, H&E staining, and Van Gieson staining at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The results demonstrated that the amount of new bones was significantly increased in the group of nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds seeded with hUCMSCs ( p < 0.01). On the basis of previous studies in vitro and in subcutaneous implantation of the nude mice, the results revealed that the nHA and CS also enhanced the bone regeneration by nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds seeded with hUCMSCs in the calvarial defects of the nude mice at early stage.

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          Chitin and chitosan in selected biomedical applications

          A. Anitha, C S Sowmya, P.T. Sudheesh Kumar … (2014)
          Article 0 comments Cited 200 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and decreased crystallinity to promote osteoblast adhesion similar to functionalizing with RGD.

            J. Webster, Michiko Sato, Ganesan Balasundaram (2006)
            Better materials are needed to promote bone growth. For this reason, the present study created nanometer crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) and amorphous calcium phosphate compacts functionalized with the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide sequence. Crystalline HA and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles were synthesized by a wet chemical process followed by a hydrothermal treatment for 2 h at 200 degrees C and 70 degrees C, respectively. Resulting particles were then pressed into compacts. For the preparation of conventional HA particles (or those with micron diameters), the aforementioned pressed compacts were sintered at 1,100 degrees C for 2 h. Peptide functionalization was conducted by means of a three step reaction procedure: silanization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), cross-linking with N-succinimidyl-3-maleimido propionate (SMP), and finally peptide immobilization. The three step reaction procedure was characterized by a novel 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) fluorescence technique. For all materials, results showed that the immobilization of the cell adhesive RGD sequence increased osteoblast (bone-forming cell) adhesion compared to those non-functionalized and those functionalized with the noncell adhesive control peptide (RGE) after 4 h. However, surprisingly, results also showed that the adhesion of osteoblasts on non-functionalized amorphous nanoparticulate calcium phosphate was similar to conventional HA functionalized with RGD. Osteoblast adhesion on nanocrystalline HA (unfunctionalized and functionalized with RGD) was below that of the respective functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate but above that of the respective functionalized conventional HA. In this manner, results of this study suggest that decreasing the particulate size into the nanometer regime and reducing crystallinity of calcium phosphate based materials may promote osteoblast adhesion to the same degree as the well-established techniques of functionalizing conventional HA with RGD.
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              Mathematical modeling of drug delivery from autocatalytically degradable PLGA microspheres--a review.

              Daniel W. Pack, Richard D Braatz, Ashlee N. Ford Versypt (2013)
              PLGA microspheres are widely studied for controlled release drug delivery applications, and many models have been proposed to describe PLGA degradation and erosion and drug release from the bulk polymer. Autocatalysis is known to have a complex role in the dynamics of PLGA erosion and drug transport and can lead to size-dependent heterogeneities in otherwise uniformly bulk-eroding polymer microspheres. The aim of this review is to highlight mechanistic, mathematical models for drug release from PLGA microspheres that specifically address interactions between phenomena generally attributed to autocatalytic hydrolysis and mass transfer limitation effects. Predictions of drug release profiles by mechanistic models are useful for understanding mechanisms and designing drug release particles. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BMRI
                Title: BioMed Research International
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6133
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141
                Publication date (Print): 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 October 2015
                Volume: 2015
                Electronic Location Identifier: 261938
                Affiliations
                1Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
                2Research Center for Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
                3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Vladimir S. Komlev

                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2015/261938
                PMC ID: 4621339
                SO-VID: 214e49d9-059a-46b8-a43b-6e3a44f094de
                Copyright © Copyright © 2015 Fei Wang et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 25 May 2015
                Date revision received : 11 September 2015
                Date accepted : 15 September 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

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