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      Colesteatoma de conducto auditivo externo: estudio de una serie de casos Translated title: Cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal: case series study

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: El colesteatoma de conducto auditivo externo (CCAE) es un proceso patológico poco frecuente, caracterizado por la invasión de tejido escamoso en un área del canal auditivo, que progresa hasta la destrucción ósea. Debido a la escasez de casos publicados hemos considerado de utilidad esta revisión. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo y observacional desde el año 2000, de 18 pacientes diagnosticados clínicamente de CCAE en nuestro servicio de ORL. Resultados: El porcentaje de hombres y mujeres es similar, con una edad media de diagnóstico de 60 años. La localización más frecuente es posteroinferior y en la mayor parte de casos el origen es primario. La otalgia, la otorrea y la hipoacusia fueron los síntomas principales, siendo menos habitual el prurito y excepcional la debilidad facial. En general el tratamiento es conservador, pero resultó necesario el abordaje quirúrgico en un tercio de pacientes mediante canaloplastia, siguiendo el esquema expuesto, o la mastoidectomía, en función de la extensión de las lesiones. Conclusiones: Aunque desconocemos los mecanismos patogénicos responsables de la formación y desarrollo del CCAE, la inclusión de queratina entre el epitelio y el hueso, con la participación del periostio, parecen ser los desencadenantes del proceso. El diagnóstico es clínico y su extensión determina el empleo de un tratamiento local o quirúrgico, que suele ser resolutivo.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: External auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) is a rare entity characterized by the invasion of squamous tissue in the auditory canal, that progresses to bone destruction. Due to the scarcity of published cases of EACC, we have deemed useful this review. Material and methods: Prospective and observational study from the year 2000 to the present in 18 patients clinically diagnosed with EACC in our ORL service. Results: The percentage of men and women is similar, with a mean age at diagnosis of 60 years. The most frequently location was postero-inferior, and in most cases, the origin is primary. Otalgia, otorrhea and subjective hearing loss were the main symptoms, being less common the pruritus and exceptional facial weakness. Overall, the treatment is conservative, but it was necessary surgical treatment on one-third of the patients, performing canaloplasty or mastoidectomy, according to the extent of injuries. Conclusions: Although we do not know the genesis and pathogenic mechanisms responsible of EACC formation and development, the inclusion of keratin between the epithelium and bone, with the participation of the periosteum, seems to be the trigger of this process. The diagnosis is clinical, and its extension determines the use of a local or surgical treatment, which is usually resolutive.

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          Most cited references31

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          Ear canal cholesteatoma.

          Peter Holt (1992)
          Although cholesteatomas are more commonly found in the middle ear and the mastoid, the disease can occur in the external ear canal. All cases of ear canal cholesteatoma treated by the author were reviewed. There were nine ears in seven patients, who had an average age of 62 years. The lesions ranged in size from a few millimeters to extensive mastoid destruction. Smaller lesions can be managed by frequent cleaning as an office procedure. Larger lesions require surgery, either canaloplasty or mastoidectomy. The otolaryngologist should suspect this disease in the elderly. Microscopic examination of the ear with meticulous cleaning of all wax, especially in elderly patients, is most useful in detecting early disease. Frequent applications of mineral oil to the canal should be used in the management of the disease and to prevent recurrence.
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            External auditory canal cholesteatoma: clinical and imaging spectrum.

            Cholesteatoma is an inflammatory lesion of the temporal bone that uncommonly involves the external auditory canal (EAC). In this large case series, we aimed to define its imaging features and to determine the characteristics most important to its clinical management. Thirteen cases of EAC cholesteatoma (EACC) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data were reviewed for the history, presentation, and physical examination findings. High-resolution temporal bone CT scans were examined for a soft-tissue mass in the EAC, erosion of adjacent bone, and bone fragments in the mass. The middle ear cavity, mastoid, facial nerve canal, and tegmen tympani were evaluated for involvement. Patients presented with otorrhea, otalgia, or hearing loss. Eight cases were spontaneous, and five were postsurgical or post-traumatic. CT imaging in all 13 cases showed a soft-tissue mass with adjacent bone erosion. Intramural bone fragments were identified in seven cases. This mass most often arose inferiorly (n = 8) or posteriorly (n = 8), but it was circumferential in two cases. We noted middle ear extension (n = 5), mastoid involvement (n = 4), facial canal erosion (n = 2), and tegmen tympani dehiscence (n = 1). Temporal bone CT shows EACC as a soft-tissue mass within the EAC, with adjacent bone erosion. Bone fragments may be present within the mass. The cholesteatoma may extend into the mastoid or middle ear, or it may involve the facial nerve canal or tegmen tympani. Recognition of this entity and its possible extension is important because it may influence clinical management.
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              Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma.

              Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) have previously been considered to represent the same disease process. However, review of the literature and our cases reveal these to be two different clinical and pathological processes. Keratosis obturans presents as hearing loss and usually acute, severe pain secondary to the accumulation of large plugs of desquamated keratin in the ear canal. External auditory canal cholesteatoma presents as otorrhea with a chronic, dull pain secondary to an invasion of squamous tissue into a localized area of periosteitis in the canal wall. The treatment previously recommended for both of these conditions has been conservative debridement of the external canal and application of topical medication. While this remains the treatment of choice for keratosis obturans, surgery may be required to eradicate EACC.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                orl
                Revista ORL
                Rev. ORL
                Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca (Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain )
                2444-7986
                June 2020
                : 11
                : 2
                : 129-138
                Affiliations
                [1] Valladolid orgnameSACYL orgdiv1Hospital Clínico Universitario orgdiv2Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cervicofacial España
                Article
                S2444-79862020000200003 S2444-7986(20)01100200003
                10.14201/orl.21649
                2157b44f-564a-4179-89c5-94ca5951cd37

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 December 2019
                : 26 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículo original

                TC,canaloplastia,cholesteatoma,canaloplasty,colesteatoma,cirugía,colesteatoma del conducto auditivo externo,external auditory canal cholestatoma,external ear canal,conducto auditivo externo,CT,surgery

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