9
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      The ratio of the seroprevalence to the egg-positive prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in China: a meta-analysis

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, remains one of the most important parasitic diseases, and detection of S. japonicum infections in humans plays a crucial role in control and treatment. However, comparisons between the parasitological and the immunological examinations in the fields of China are lacking. Therefore we performed a meta-analysis to compare the seroprevalence of Schistosoma japonicum, as determined by IHA or ELISA, with coprological prevalence, as determined by Kato-Katz, and estimate the ratio of the serological to the egg-positive prevalence in order to evaluate the potential threat of egg-negative but worm-positive schistosomiasis.

          Methods

          Studies published up to July 2018 on the parasitological and immunological examinations of schistosomiasis in the fields of China were searched in five databases including CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science. The ratio of the serological to the egg-positive prevalence and its 95%CI for each study were calculated, and then point estimates and their 95%CIs of pooled prevalence ratio were meta-analyzed. Subgroup meta-analyses were also performed according to potential influential factors.

          Results

          A total of 23 articles were included. The prevalence ratio varied from 0.57 to 48.83 for IHA to Kato-Katz and ranged from 0.38 to 13.97 for ELISA to Kato-Katz. The pooled ratio was 4.72 (95%CI: 3.87~ 5.76) for IHA to KK and 4.65 (95%CI: 3.50~ 6.17) for ELISA to KK. Subgroup analyses implied that the ratio of the serological to the egg-positive prevalence may decrease with the endemic levels. The highest prevalence ratio was observed when Kato-Katz was performed with three slides per stool or in hilly and mountainous regions.

          Conclusions

          The worm-determined prevalence by IHA or ELISA is 4- to 5-fold higher than the egg-determined prevalence by Kato-Katz, which implied Kato-Katz may largely underestimate the prevalence of S. japonicum in China. The degree of underestimation was greater when Kato-Katz with three slides per stool was carried out, especially in low endemic areas or in hilly and mountainous regions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to those egg-negative but worm-positive patients with the aim of final elimination of S. japonicum in China.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3320-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Related collections

          Most cited references50

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The public health significance and control of schistosomiasis in China--then and now.

          The description of schistosomiasis in China dates back more than two millennia. The disease caused social and economic hardship, and the rates of morbidity and mortality were high. In the mid 1950s, when China's population was approximately 600 million, an estimated 11.6 million people were infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Hence, a national control programme was launched, with an emphasis on intermediate host snail control by means of environmental management. Over the past 50 years, the national control programme has made great progress and praziquantel-based morbidity control became the mainstay of control. In 2000, the number of infected people had been reduced to an estimated 694,788, the snail-infested area has been abridged by over 75%, and the disease had been eliminated in five of the 12 previously endemic provinces. Between the mid 1980s and 2003, the criteria of transmission interruption have been reached in 260 counties (60.0%), transmission control has been achieved in 63 counties (14.5%), but the disease was still endemic in the remaining 110 counties (25.4%). Comparison between the number of cases in 2000 and 2003 suggests that schistosomiasis has re-emerged; an estimated 843,011 people were infected with S. japonicum in 2003. Here, we provide a short historical account of the pubic health significance of schistosomiasis in China, highlight the progress made to date with the national control programme, and place particular emphasis on the most recent trends. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges for schistosomiasis control with the ultimate goal of disease elimination.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis.

            Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease that afflicts more than 240 million people, including many children and young adults, in the tropics and subtropics. The disease is characterized by chronic infections with significant residual morbidity and is of considerable public health importance, with substantial socioeconomic impacts on impoverished communities. Morbidity reduction and eventual elimination through integrated intervention measures are the focuses of current schistosomiasis control programs. Precise diagnosis of schistosome infections, in both mammalian and snail intermediate hosts, will play a pivotal role in achieving these goals. Nevertheless, despite extensive efforts over several decades, the search for sensitive and specific diagnostics for schistosomiasis is ongoing. Here we review the area, paying attention to earlier approaches but emphasizing recent developments in the search for new diagnostics for schistosomiasis with practical applications in the research laboratory, the clinic, and the field. Careful and rigorous validation of these assays and their cost-effectiveness will be needed, however, prior to their adoption in support of policy decisions for national public health programs aimed at the control and elimination of schistosomiasis.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Schistosomiasis elimination: lessons from the past guide the future.

              Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease, with more than 200 million people infected and close to 800 million at risk. The disease burden is estimated to exceed 70 million disability-adjusted life-years. The anthelmintic drug praziquantel is highly effective in killing adult schistosome worms, but it is unable to kill developing schistosomes and so does not prevent reinfection. As a result, current praziquantel-based control programmes in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are not effective or sustainable in the long term. The control of neglected tropical diseases, including schistosomiasis, is a funding priority for several donor agencies, with over US$350 million committed until 2013. Here we put forward an argument that donor funds would be more effectively spent on the development of a multi-faceted, integrated control programme, which would have a greater and longer lasting effect on disease transmission than the current chemotherapy-based programmes. The development of a transmission-blocking vaccine is also of great importance. A multi-faceted integrated control programme that incorporates a vaccine, even if only partly effective, has the potential to eliminate schistosomiasis. This integrated-approach model has the potential to improve the health of a billion of the world's poorest people and its effect cannot be underestimated. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ludabing@suda.edu.cn
                Journal
                BMC Infect Dis
                BMC Infect. Dis
                BMC Infectious Diseases
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2334
                15 August 2018
                15 August 2018
                2018
                : 18
                : 404
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0198 0694, GRID grid.263761.7, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, , Soochow University, ; Suzhou, China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0198 0694, GRID grid.263761.7, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, , Soochow University, ; Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]GRID grid.452515.2, Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, ; Wuxi, Jiangsu Province China
                Article
                3320
                10.1186/s12879-018-3320-5
                6094899
                30111280
                215d5d78-a763-43d6-884f-0cf09c6d60dd
                © The Author(s). 2018

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 16 November 2017
                : 9 August 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: the Jiangsu Provincial Project of Invigorating Health Care through Science, Technology and Education
                Funded by: the National Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 81273141
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                schistosoma japonicum,kato-katz,iha,elisa,prevalence ratio
                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                schistosoma japonicum, kato-katz, iha, elisa, prevalence ratio

                Comments

                Comment on this article