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      Leydig cell tumor of the testis with azoospermia and elevated delta4 androstenedione: case report

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Background

          Secreting interstitial cell (Leydig cell) tumors are rare. In adults, the clinical picture and steroid levels are variable.

          Case presentation

          This paper presents a case of left testicular tumor, showing azoospermia with normal serum level of total testosterone, collapsed FSH and LH, and high delta4 androstenedione. Histopathological investigation revealed a Leydig cell tumor. TESE allowed spermatozoa extraction and freezing. Testicular histology found hypospermatogenesis and germ-cell aplasia with interstitial fibrosis. Surgical resection of the tumor resulted in normalization of gonadotropins and fall in serum delta4 androstenedione to subnormal levels in the postoperative period confirming that the tumor was secreting delta4 androstenedione. It was hypothesized that high delta4 androstenedione resulted in intra tumoral 17 β-HSD overtaken by delta4 androstenedione or that 17 β-HSD activity in the tumor was different from that of normal Leydig cells. Three months after surgery sperm analysis found a complete recovery of spermatogenesis. A spontaneous pregnancy occurred 3 months after surgery and a girl was born.

          Conclusions

          In this case, the diagnosis of testicular Leydig cell tumor secreting delta4 androstenedione was made in a context of azoospermia.

          Résumé

          Introduction

          Les tumeurs testiculaires interstitielles (ou tumeurs testiculaires à cellules de Leydig) à expression endocrine sont rares. Chez l’adulte le tableau clinique et le bilan hormonal sont variables.

          Présentation du cas

          Cet article présente le cas d’une tumeur testiculaire gauche dans un contexte d’azoospermie. Le bilan hormonal montre des gonadotrophines effondrées, une testostéronémie normale et une delta4 androstenedione augmentée. L’examen anatomopathologique a mis en évidence une tumeur à cellule de Leydig. La TESE a permis l’extraction et la congélation de spermatozoïdes. L’histologie a retrouvé un aspect mixte d’hypospermatogenèse diminuée incomplète et d’aplasie. Dans les suites de l’orchidectomie partielle gauche les taux de gonadotrophines se sont normalisés ainsi que le taux de delta4 androstenedione. L’hypothèse physiopathologique est que l’augmentation de la delta4 androstenedione résulte de la sursaturation de la 17 β-HSD intra-tumoral ou que l’activité de la 17 β-HSD intra-tumoral est différente de celle dans les cellules de Leydig normales. Trois mois après la chirurgie, le spermogramme a montré une normalisation des paramètres spermatiques et une grossesse spontanée est survenue permettant la naissance d’une petite fille.

          Conclusion

          Dans ce cas clinique, le diagnostic de tumeur testiculaire à cellule de Leydig sécrétant de la delta4 androstenedione a été fait dans un contexte d’azoospermie.

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          Most cited references20

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          Thyroid and male reproduction

          Male reproduction is governed by the classical hypothalamo-hypophyseal testicular axis: Hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and the gonadal steroid, principally, testosterone. Thyroid hormones have been shown to exert a modulatory influence on this axis and consequently the sexual and spermatogenic function of man. This review will examine the modulatory influence of thyroid hormones on male reproduction.
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            Feminizing Testicular Leydig Cell Tumor: Hormonal Profile before and after Unilateral Orchidectomy*

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              Conservative surgical therapy for leydig cell tumor.

              We performed a long-term evaluation of conservative surgical treatment of benign Leydig cell tumor. A multicenter retrospective clinical study was performed at 6 European centers. Case files of all patients diagnosed with Leydig cell tumor and treated with conservative surgery were examined. Patients underwent physical examination, hormone and tumor marker assays, scrotal and abdominal ultrasound, chest x-ray, and an endocrinological examination. From 1987 to 2006, 22 patients with Leydig cell tumor underwent conservative surgery. Mean patient age was 35 years (range 5 to 61). Mean followup was 47 months (range 1 to 230). No local recurrence or metastasis was observed. Patients presented with a palpable testicular nodule (3 patients, 13.7%) or a nodule diagnosed by ultrasound (15 patients, 68.2%), gynecomastia (2 patients, 9.1%), precocious pseudopuberty (1 patient, 4.5%) or scrotal pain (1 patient, 4.5%). Three patients were monorchid after contralateral orchiectomy for inguinal hernia repair (1 patient, 28 years before surgery) and nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (2 patients, 1 month and 6 years before surgery). Diagnosis after frozen section examination was Leydig cell tumor in 20 of 22 cases (91.0%). Mean histological size of the nodule was 1.11 cm (range 0.5 to 2.5). Preoperative FSH and LH levels were high in 4 patients. Tumor markers were normal before and after surgery. Followup was conducted for all patients every 3 to 6 months with physical examination, tumor markers, scrotal and abdominal ultrasound, chest x-ray. Six patients (27.3%) underwent abdominal computerized tomography. When diagnosed early Leydig cell tumors present a favorable followup. In select cases with motivated patients, conservative surgery proved to be a feasible and safe choice.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                julie.prasivoravong@chru-lille.fr
                anne-laure.barbotin@chru-lille.fr
                aderveaux@ch-lens.fr
                clara.leroy@chru-lille.fr
                xavier.leroy@chru-lille.fr
                philippe.puech@chru-lille.fr
                valerie.mitchell@chru-lille.fr
                francois.marcelli@chru-lille.fr
                jean-marc.rigot@chru-lille.fr
                Journal
                Basic Clin Androl
                Basic Clin Androl
                Basic and Clinical Andrology
                BioMed Central (London )
                2051-4190
                8 November 2016
                8 November 2016
                2016
                : 26
                : 14
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Andrology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
                [2 ]Biology of Reproduction Unit, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
                [3 ]Department of Pathology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
                [4 ]Department of Radiology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
                [5 ]EA4308 Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality, University of Lille, Lille, France
                [6 ]Department of Andrology, CHRU Lille, Hôpital Calmette, Boulevard du Professeur Leclercq, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
                Article
                41
                10.1186/s12610-016-0041-8
                5100078
                21609fd9-9884-43ee-aaba-21b438fc947b
                © The Author(s). 2016

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 29 June 2016
                : 14 September 2016
                Categories
                Case Report
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2016

                azoospermia,infertility,hormone secreting testicular tumor,leydig cell tumor,delta4 androstenedione,tese,azoospermie,infertilité,tumeur testiculaire à sécrétion endocrine,tumeur à cellules de leydig,delta4androstenedione

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