The Rotterdam Study: 2018 update on objectives, design and main results

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Abstract

The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study ongoing since 1990 in the city of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. The study targets cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, neurological, ophthalmic, psychiatric, dermatological, otolaryngological, locomotor, and respiratory diseases. As of 2008, 14,926 subjects aged 45 years or over comprise the Rotterdam Study cohort. Since 2016, the cohort is being expanded by persons aged 40 years and over. The findings of the Rotterdam Study have been presented in over 1500 research articles and reports (see www.erasmus-epidemiology.nl/rotterdamstudy). This article gives the rationale of the study and its design. It also presents a summary of the major findings and an update of the objectives and methods.

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Most cited references 383

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Demography. Broken limits to life expectancy.

Jim Oeppen, James Vaupel (2002)

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Using published data in Mendelian randomization: a blueprint for efficient identification of causal risk factors

Stephen Burgess, Robert A H Scott, Nicholas J Timpson … (2015)

Finding individual-level data for adequately-powered Mendelian randomization analyses may be problematic. As publicly-available summarized data on genetic associations with disease outcomes from large consortia are becoming more abundant, use of published data is an attractive analysis strategy for obtaining precise estimates of the causal effects of risk factors on outcomes. We detail the necessary steps for conducting Mendelian randomization investigations using published data, and present novel statistical methods for combining data on the associations of multiple (correlated or uncorrelated) genetic variants with the risk factor and outcome into a single causal effect estimate. A two-sample analysis strategy may be employed, in which evidence on the gene-risk factor and gene-outcome associations are taken from different data sources. These approaches allow the efficient identification of risk factors that are suitable targets for clinical intervention from published data, although the ability to assess the assumptions necessary for causal inference is diminished. Methods and guidance are illustrated using the example of the causal effect of serum calcium levels on fasting glucose concentrations. The estimated causal effect of a 1 standard deviation (0.13 mmol/L) increase in calcium levels on fasting glucose (mM) using a single lead variant from the CASR gene region is 0.044 (95 % credible interval −0.002, 0.100). In contrast, using our method to account for the correlation between variants, the corresponding estimate using 17 genetic variants is 0.022 (95 % credible interval 0.009, 0.035), a more clearly positive causal effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0011-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study.

Michiel L. Bots, Arno Hoes, Peter J Koudstaal … (1997)

Noninvasive assessment of intima-media thickness (IMT) is widely used in observational studies and trials as an intermediate or proxy end point for cardiovascular disease. However, data showing that IMT predicts cardiovascular disease are limited. We studied whether common carotid IMT is related to future stroke and myocardial infarction. We used a nested case-control approach among 7983 subjects aged > or =55 years participating in the Rotterdam Study. At baseline (March 1990 through July 1993), ultrasound images of the common carotid artery were stored on videotape. Determination of incident myocardial infarction and stroke was predominantly based on hospital discharge records. Analysis (logistic regression) was based on 98 myocardial infarctions and 95 strokes that were registered before December 31, 1994. IMT was measured from videotape for all case subjects and a sample of 1373 subjects who remained free from myocardial infarction and stroke during follow-up. The mean duration of follow-up was 2.7 years. Results were adjusted for age and sex. Stroke risk increased gradually with increasing IMT. The odds ratio for stroke per standard deviation increase (0.163 mm) was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.82). For myocardial infarction, an odds ratio of 1.43 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.78) was found. When subjects with a previous myocardial infarction or stroke were excluded, odds ratios were 1.57 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.94) for stroke and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.92) for myocardial infarction. Additional adjustment for several cardiovascular risk factors attenuated these associations: 1.34 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.67) and 1.25 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.58), respectively. The present study, based on a short follow-up period, provides evidence that an increased common carotid IMT is associated with future cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.

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Author and article information

Contributors

M. Arfan Ikram: m.a.ikram@erasmusmc.nl

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur J Epidemiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur. J. Epidemiol

Title: European Journal of Epidemiology

Publisher: Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )

ISSN (Print): 0393-2990

ISSN (Electronic): 1573-7284

Publication date (Electronic): 24 October 2017

Publication date PMC-release: 24 October 2017

Publication date (Print): 2017

Volume: 32

Issue: 9

Pages: 807-850

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Epidemiology, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[2 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Internal Medicine, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[3 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Neurology, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[4 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Psychiatry, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[5 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Cardiology, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[6 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[7 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Ophthalmology, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[8 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Gastro-Enterology, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[9 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Otolaryngology, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[10 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Dermatology, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[11 ]ISNI 000000040459992X, GRID grid.5645.2, Department of Respiratory Medicine, , Erasmus Medical Center, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[12 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0626 3303, GRID grid.410566.0, Department of Respiratory Medicine, , Ghent University Hospital, ; Ghent, Belgium

[13 ]ISNI 000000041936754X, GRID grid.38142.3c, Department of Epidemiology, , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, ; Boston, MA USA

Article

Publisher ID: 321

DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0321-4

PMC ID: 5662692

PubMed ID: 29064009

SO-VID: 21996c9d-71ec-441c-9b43-56f5c3087dc3

History

Date received : 26 June 2017

Date accepted : 6 October 2017

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: biomarkers,cardiovascular diseases,cohort study,dermatological diseases,endocrine diseases,epidemiologic methods,genetic epidemiology,liver diseases,neurological diseases,oncology,ophthalmic diseases,otolaryngological diseases,pharmacoepidemiology,renal diseases,psychiatric diseases,respiratory diseases

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: biomarkers, cardiovascular diseases, cohort study, dermatological diseases, endocrine diseases, epidemiologic methods, genetic epidemiology, liver diseases, neurological diseases, oncology, ophthalmic diseases, otolaryngological diseases, pharmacoepidemiology, renal diseases, psychiatric diseases, respiratory diseases

The Rotterdam Study: 2018 update on objectives, design and main results

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Most cited references 383

Demography. Broken limits to life expectancy.

Using published data in Mendelian randomization: a blueprint for efficient identification of causal risk factors

Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study.

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