Phytochemical Analysis by HPLC–HRESI-MS and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of  Tabernaemontana catharinensis

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Abstract

Tabernaemontana catharinensis (Apocynaceae) has been popularly used by folk medicine because of its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiophidic properties. This study aims to analyze the flavonoids composition of the hydroethanolic extract and of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanol (BuOH) fractions of T. catharinensis leaves, as well as to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity using in vivo models. The phytochemical profile, determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–HRESI-MS), showed the presence of flavonoids mainly having an isorhamnetin nucleus. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw edema (pre- and post-treatment) with oral administration of a T. catharinensis hydroethanolic extract (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) and of organic fractions (50 mg/kg). The extract and fractions showed antiedematogenic activity by decreasing myeloperoxidase (MPO) production. In the zymosan-air-pouch model, the extract and fractions inhibited leukocyte migration and significantly decreased the levels of various proteins, such as MPO, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which revealed no cytotoxicity of the extract and the fractions. These results suggest that the hydroethanolic extract and organic fractions of T. catharinensis leaves have sufficient anti-inflammatory activity to support the popular use of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

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Most cited references 41

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Origin and physiological roles of inflammation.

Ruslan Medzhitov (2008)

Inflammation underlies a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. Although the pathological aspects of many types of inflammation are well appreciated, their physiological functions are mostly unknown. The classic instigators of inflammation - infection and tissue injury - are at one end of a large range of adverse conditions that induce inflammation, and they trigger the recruitment of leukocytes and plasma proteins to the affected tissue site. Tissue stress or malfunction similarly induces an adaptive response, which is referred to here as para-inflammation. This response relies mainly on tissue-resident macrophages and is intermediate between the basal homeostatic state and a classic inflammatory response. Para-inflammation is probably responsible for the chronic inflammatory conditions that are associated with modern human diseases.

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Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review

Atanas Atanasov, Birgit Waltenberger, Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig … (2015)

Medicinal plants have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with therapeutic potential, and nowadays still represent an important pool for the identification of novel drug leads. In the past decades, pharmaceutical industry focused mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as drug discovery source. They are comparably easy to produce and resupply, and demonstrate good compatibility with established high throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, at the same time there has been a declining trend in the number of new drugs reaching the market, raising renewed scientific interest in drug discovery from natural sources, despite of its known challenges. In this survey, a brief outline of historical development is provided together with a comprehensive overview of used approaches and recent developments relevant to plant-derived natural product drug discovery. Associated challenges and major strengths of natural product-based drug discovery are critically discussed. A snapshot of the advanced plant-derived natural products that are currently in actively recruiting clinical trials is also presented. Importantly, the transition of a natural compound from a “screening hit” through a “drug lead” to a “marketed drug” is associated with increasingly challenging demands for compound amount, which often cannot be met by re-isolation from the respective plant sources. In this regard, existing alternatives for resupply are also discussed, including different biotechnology approaches and total organic synthesis. While the intrinsic complexity of natural product-based drug discovery necessitates highly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, the reviewed scientific developments, recent technological advances, and research trends clearly indicate that natural products will be among the most important sources of new drugs also in the future.

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Measurement of cutaneous inflammation: estimation of neutrophil content with an enzyme marker.

D Priebat, William Rothstein, Colleen R. Christensen … (1982)

We examined the hypothesis that myeloperoxidase (MPO), a plentiful constituent of neutrophils, might serve as a marker for tissue neutrophil content. To completely extract MPO from either neutrophils or skin, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) was used to solubilize the enzyme. With this detergent treatment, 97.8 +/- 0.2% of total recoverable MPO was extracted from neutrophils with a single HTAB treatment; 93.1 +/- 1.0% was solubilized with a single treatment of skin. Neutrophil MPO was directly related to neutrophil number; with the dianisidine-H2O2 assay as few as 10(4) neutrophils could be detected. The background level of MPO within uninflamed tissue was 0.385 +/- 0.018 units per gram of tissue, equivalent to only 7.64 +/- 0.36 X 10(5) neutrophils. In experimental staphylococcal infection, skin specimens contained 34.8 +/- 3.8 units MPO per gram, equivalent to 8.55 +/- 0.93 X 10(7) neutrophils. These studies demonstrate that MPO can be used as a marker for skin neutrophil content: it is recoverable from skin in soluble form, and is directly related to neutrophil number. Further, normal skin possesses a low background of MPO compared to that of inflamed skin.

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Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 24 February 2018

Publication date Collection: February 2018

Volume: 19

Issue: 2

Electronic Location Identifier: 636

Affiliations

[1 ]Laboratory of Pharmacognosy (PNBio), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil; jsfa.farma@ 123456gmail.com (J.S.F.A.); siqueira_emerson@ 123456hotmail.com (E.M.d.S.S.); edergalinari@ 123456yahoo.com.br (E.G.)

[2 ]Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil; manoelatorres_rn@ 123456hotmail.com (M.T.-R.); allannyfurtado@ 123456hotmail.com (A.A.F.); mpedrosa@ 123456ufrnet.br (M.d.F.F.-P.)

[3 ]Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Trairí, S/N, Centro 59200-000, Santa Cruz, Brazil; daline_araujo@ 123456yahoo.com.br

[4 ]Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Campus Universitário, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova 59072-970, Natal, Brazil; gerlaneguerra@ 123456hotmail.com

[5 ]Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Laureate Universities, Universidade Potiguar (UnP), Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 1610, Lagoa Nova 59056-000, Natal, Brazil; eduardo.azevedo@ 123456unp.br

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: ivanbiotecnologo@ 123456hotmail.com (J.I.M.); silvanazucolotto@ 123456ufrnet.br (S.M.Z.); Tel.: +55-84-3342-9818 (J.I.M. & S.M.Z.)

Author information

Manoela Torres-Rêgo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8535-1533

Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-9580

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Publisher ID: ijms-19-00636

DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020636

PMC ID: 5855858

PubMed ID: 29495249

SO-VID: 21b149b7-6668-4412-a961-172b1bf709a5

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Phytochemical Analysis by HPLC–HRESI-MS and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tabernaemontana catharinensis

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Most cited references 41

Origin and physiological roles of inflammation.

Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review

Measurement of cutaneous inflammation: estimation of neutrophil content with an enzyme marker.

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