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      Study of types of some species of “ Filaria” (Nematoda) parasites of small mammals described by von Linstow and Molin Translated title: Étude des types de quelques espèces de “ Filaria” (Nematoda) parasites de petits mammifères décrits par von Linstow et Molin

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          Abstract

          Parasitic nematodes from the Berlin (ZMB) and Vienna (NMW) Museum collections referred to the genus Filaria Mueller, 1787 by von Linstow or Molin were studied. Three samples were in good condition and the specimens redescribed. Litomosa hepatica (von Linstow, 1897) n. comb., sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa 3368, from the megachiropteran Pteropus neohibernicus, Bismarck Archipelago, resembles L. maki Tibayrenc, Bain & Ramanchandran, 1979, from Pteropus vampyrus, in Malaysia, but the buccal capsule differs. Both species display particular morphological characters which differ from species of Litomosa parasitic in microchiropterans. The remaining material originates from Brazil. The spicule morphology of Litomosoides circularis (von Linstow, 1899) Chandler, 1931, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa 1059 from Hesperomys spec. (= Holochilus brasiliensis), Porto Alegre, confirms that it belongs to the sigmodontis group; the microfilaria presents characters of the genus Litomosoides, e.g. body attenuated at both extremities and salient cephalic hook. Taxonomic discussions by others confirm that species of Litomosoides belonging to the sigmodontis group and described subsequently are distinct from L. circularis. Litomosoides serpicula (Molin, 1858) Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain, 2002, is redescribed, sample NMW 6323 from the bat Phyllostoma spiculatum (= Sturnira lilium), Ypanema. It is very close to L. brasiliensis Almeida, 1936, type host Moytis sp., but distinguished by a single ring in the buccal capsule, rather than two, supporting previous conclusions that the taxon L. brasiliensis, as generally regarded, may represent a complex of species. Samples NMW 6322 and NMW 6324, from other bats and also identified by Molin (1858) as Filaria serpicula, contain unidentifiable fragments of Litomosoides incertae sedis. Filaria hyalina von Linstow, 1890, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3905 from Sorex vulgaris (= Sorex araneus), is incertae sedis because it contains two unidentifiable posterior parts of male, which might be an acuarid, Stammerinema sp. Filaria vesperuginis von Linstow, 1885, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3929, from the bat Vesperugo serotinus (= Eptesicus serotinus), contains encysted nematode larvae and is a nomen dubium.

          Translated abstract

          Étude de nématodes des collections des Muséums de Berlin (ZMB) et de Vienne (NMW) attribués au genre Filaria Mueller, 1787 par von Linstow ou Molin. Trois lots sont en bon état et les spécimens redécrits. Litomosa hepatica (von Linstow, 1897) n. comb., lot ZMB Vermes Entozoa 3368, parasite du mégachiroptère Pteropus neohibernicus, Archipel Bismarck, ressemble à L. maki Tibayrenc, Bain & Ramanchandran, 1979, de Pteropus vampyrus, en Malaisie, mais la capsule buccale est différente. Les deux espèces ont des caractères morphologiques particuliers qui les distinguent des Litomosa parasites de microchiroptères. Les autres matériels sont originaires du Brésil. La morphologie des spicules de Litomosoides circularis (von Linstow, 1899) Chandler, 1931, lot ZMB Vermes Entozoa 1059 d’ Hesperomys spec. (= Holochilus brasiliensis), Porto Alegre, confirme que cette espèce appartient au groupe sigmodontis ; la microfilaire présente les caractères du genre Litomosoides, corps effilé aux deux extrémités et crochet céphalique saillant. Une discussion taxonomique confirme que les espèces de Litomosoides du groupe sigmodontis décrites ultérieurement sont distinctes de L. circularis. Litomosoides serpicula (Molin, 1858) Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain, 2002, est redécrit, lot NMW 6323 chez le microchiroptère Phyllostoma spiculatum (= Sturnira lilium), Ypanema. Elle est très proche de L. brasiliensis Almeida, 1936, hôte type Moytis sp., mais distincte par la capsule buccale avec un anneau cuticulaire, au lieu de deux, ce qui renforce les conclusions précédentes indiquant que le taxon L. brasiliensis, tel qu’il est généralement utilisé, représente vraisemblablement un complexe d’espèces. Les lots NMW 6322 et NMW 6324, d’autres microchiroptères et aussi identifiés par Molin (1858) à Filaria serpicula, contiennent des fragments non identifiables de Litomosoides incertae sedis. Filaria hyalina von Linstow, 1890, lot ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3905 de Sorex vulgaris (= Sorex araneus), est incertae sedis parce qu’il contient deux régions postérieures de mâle qui pourraient être un acuaride, Stammerinema sp. Filaria vesperuginis von Linstow, 1885, lot ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3929, du microchiroptère Vesperugo serotinus (= Eptesicus serotinus), contient des larves de nématodes enkystées et est un nomen dubium.

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          Integrated taxonomy: traditional approach and DNA barcoding for the identification of filarioid worms and related parasites (Nematoda)

          Background We compared here the suitability and efficacy of traditional morphological approach and DNA barcoding to distinguish filarioid nematodes species (Nematoda, Spirurida). A reliable and rapid taxonomic identification of these parasites is the basis for a correct diagnosis of important and widespread parasitic diseases. The performance of DNA barcoding with different parameters was compared measuring the strength of correlation between morphological and molecular identification approaches. Molecular distance estimation was performed with two different mitochondrial markers (coxI and 12S rDNA) and different combinations of data handling were compared in order to provide a stronger tool for easy identification of filarioid worms. Results DNA barcoding and morphology based identification of filarioid nematodes revealed high coherence. Despite both coxI and 12S rDNA allow to reach high-quality performances, only coxI revealed to be manageable. Both alignment algorithm, gaps treatment, and the criteria used to define the threshold value were found to affect the performance of DNA barcoding with 12S rDNA marker. Using coxI and a defined level of nucleotide divergence to delimit species boundaries, DNA barcoding can also be used to infer potential new species. Conclusion An integrated approach allows to reach a higher discrimination power. The results clearly show where DNA-based and morphological identifications are consistent, and where they are not. The coherence between DNA-based and morphological identification for almost all the species examined in our work is very strong. We propose DNA barcoding as a reliable, consistent, and democratic tool for species discrimination in routine identification of parasitic nematodes.
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            Two new species of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Sigmodontines (Rodentia: Muridae) from Rio de La Plata marshland, Argentina.

            Two new species of coelomic filarioid belonging to Litomosoides are described from sigmodontine murids from the Rio de La Plata marshland, Argentina. Litomosoides bonaerensis n. sp., a parasite of Oligoryzomys delticola, belongs to the carinii group and is close to L. silvai, which differs by the head and tail papillae, buccal capsule and cavity, area rugosa, and morphology of the microfilaria. Litomosoides oxymycteri n. sp., from Oxymycterus rufus, belongs to the sigmodontis group. Differential diagnosis is based on the morphology of the buccal capsule, the head and tail papillae, and microfilaria. The ectoparasitic gamasid Ornithonyssus bacoti, in which several Litomosoides species develop, has been recovered from sigmodontines trapped in the study.
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              Two new species of Litomosoides (Nemata:Onchocercidae) from Ctenomys opimus (Rodentia:Ctenomyidae) on the altiplano of Bolivia.

              Two filarioid nematodes, Litomosoides andersoni n. sp. and Litomosoides ctenomyos n. sp. (Nemata: Onchocercidae), are described from the mesenteries of the subterranean rodent Ctenomys opimus (Rodentia: Hystrichognathi) collected on the altiplano of Bolivia. Specimens collected near Rancho Huancaroma (Oruro Dept.) in 1984 and 1986 can be recognized as undescribed by the structures of the spicules and stoma and the shape of the ovijector. This record represents the first time members of the genus Litomosoides have been recovered from rodents of the family Ctenomyidae; this also represents the first published report of these nematodes from mammals in Bolivia.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite : journal de la Société Française de Parasitologie
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                May 2011
                15 May 2011
                : 18
                : 2 ( publisher-idID: parasite/2011/02 )
                : 151-161
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratorio de Biologia de Vectores y Parasitos, Instituto de Zoologia y Ecologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela P.O. Box 47058 Caracas 1041A Venezuela
                [2 ] Parasitologie comparée, UMR 7205 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 61, rue Buffon 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: Odile Bain. E-mail: bain@ 123456mnhn.fr [* ] ricardo.guerrero@ 123456ciens. ucv.ve
                Article
                parasite2011182p151 10.1051/parasite/2011182151
                10.1051/parasite/2011182151
                3671412
                21678791
                21cd1333-07f3-4f7d-871e-8767ba9e73fa
                © PRINCEPS Editions, Paris, 2011

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 10 October 2010
                : 05 January 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 11
                Categories
                Original Contribution

                filaria hepatica,filaria circularis,filaria serpicula,filaria hyalina,filaria vesperuginis,litomosa,litomosoides

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