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      Tratamento do canal arterial persistente em neonatos prematuros: análise de 18 casos Translated title: Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in neonate premature: analysis of 18 cases

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          Abstract

          A presente investigação tem o propósito de analisar, retrospectivamente, os resultados obtidos em 18 pacientes neonatos prematuros, submetidos a operação para oclusão da PCA, no período entre julho de 1990 e dezembro de 1993 (42 meses), sendo 12 (66,6%) pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade que variou entre 10 e 44 (20,8±8,3) dias, idade gestacional entre 26 e 28 (27,2±0,9) semanas. No dia da operação o peso dos pacientes esteve compreendido entre 700 e 1380 (985,8±181,6) gramas. A insuficiência respiratória aguda ocorreu em todos os pacientes sendo a principal indicação cirúrgica, estando em 6 (33,3%) pacientes associada à insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. A indometacina endovenosa foi utilizada no período pré-operatório em 9 (50%) pacientes na tentativa de se obter o fechamento farmacológico, sem sucesso, do canal arterial e apesar de não influenciar nos resultados pós-operatórios, apresentou como principal efeito secundário a redução significativa da diurese (p<0,001), que se normalizou após quatro dias do uso da droga. A técnica operatória empregada foi a toracotomia póstero-lateral esquerda trans-pleural com fixação de três ou quatro clipes metálicos para oclusão do canal arterial. O exame ecocardiográfico pré-operatório, realizado em 15 (83,2%) pacientes, mostrou que a relação entre o diâmetro do átrio esquerdo/aorta estava aumentada em todos os pacientes, sendo observado em 4 (22,2%) com até 30 dias da operação e apenas 1 (55%) paciente com quatro meses após a operação, evidenciando tendência de normalização da função cardíaca. Um (5,5%) paciente apresentou reabertura do canal arterial no pós-operatório imediato, sendo submetido à reoperação para ligadura do canal. Não foi observada diferença significativa no tempo necessário de intubação orotraqueal (IOT) (p=0,586) bem como do tempo de permanência com fração inspiratória de oxigênio (FIO2) < 40% e > 40% < 60% no período pré e pós-operatório (p=0,841 e p=0,692, respectivamente), mas com redução significativa do tempo de permanência com FIO2 > 60% (p=0,033). O período de internação hospitalar variou de 43 a 157 (96,0±24,8) dias. Não houve mortalidade operatória, observando-se ainda baixa morbidade com este método. As causas de óbito, no período pós-operatório, não estiveram relacionadas com o tratamento cirúrgico. Pode-se concluir que a ligadura cirúrgica da PCA, nos pacientes neonatos e prematuros, é método eficaz e seguro podendo ser praticado com baixa morbidade e mortalidade.

          Translated abstract

          The purpose of our study was to analyse the results obtained in 18 neonate premature patients who underwent surgical closure of the patent ductus arteriosus, between July 1990 and December 1993 (42 months). Twelve (66.6%) patients were female, with age between 10 and 44 (20.8±8.3) days, gestacional age ranged from 26 to 28 (27.2±0.9) weeks. In the surgery day the birth weight was between 700 and 1380 (985.8 ±181.6) grams. Acute respiratory insufficiency was present in all patients, as the principal surgical indication. In six (33.3%) patients congestive cardiac insufficiency was present. The pharmacological treatment with indometacin, before the operation, was used in nine (50%) patients without success, and although have had no influence in the postoperative results, was associated with a significant reduction of the urine debit (p<0.001). The operative procedure to perform the ligation of the ductus arteriosus, was the fixation of three to four metallic clips, and it has proved to be easily praticable. The preoperative ecocardiography investigation was realized in 15 (83.2%) patients, showing an increase in the relationship between the left atrium and the aortic diameter in all the patients. This relationship was increased in only four (22.2%) patients 30 days after the operation, and only in one (5.5%) patient four months after the operation, showing a tendency of normalization of the cardiac function. In one (5.5%) patient there was a reopening of the ductus in immediate postoperative period, beeing submitted to a reoperation for the ligation of the ductus arteriosus. There was no significant difference in the period of orotraqueal intubation (p=0.586) as well as in the period with oxigen inspiratory fraction < 40% and > 40% < 60% in the pre and postoperative time, (p=0.841 and p=0.692, concerning), but with significant reduction in the period with oxigen inspiratory fraction > 60% (p=0.033). The period of hospitalization was comprehended between 43 and 157 (96.0±24.8) days. The causes of the mortality in the postoperative period have not been related to the surgical treatment. We conclude that the surgical ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus in neonate premature patients is an effective and safe method that can be performed with low morbidity and mortality.

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          Most cited references27

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          The constriction of the ductus arteriosus caused by oxygen and by asphyxia in newborn lambs.

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            Risk factors for developing and dying from necrotizing enterocolitis.

            A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for developing and dying from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Eighty-six infants observed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital who had clinical and/or pathological evidence of this disease during the past 10 years were studied. Birth weight matched autopsied control infants without NEC were also studied for comparison with the autopsied infants who died with NEC. Patients with NEC had a mean birth weight of 1,620 +/- 198 g, and those who died from NEC had even lower birth weights (1,418 +/- 109 g). The development of NEC was correlated with significantly higher frequencies of oral feeding (p less than 0.005) and septicemia (p less than 0.001). Death with NEC was correlated with earlier onset and more extensive disease (both p less than 0.05), hypotension (p less than 0.001), septicemia (p less than 0.001), persistent respiratory distress (p less than 0.05), a patent ductus arteriosus (p less than 0.05), and lower 5-min Apgar scores (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that NEC is caused by overwhelming hypotensive/ischemic injury to the intestines in association with enterosepticemia. Intestinal immaturity and oral feedings appear to be important predisposing factors in this condition.
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              Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbccv
                Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
                Braz. J. Cardiovasc. Surg.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (São José do Rio Preto )
                1678-9741
                December 1993
                : 8
                : 4
                : 282-292
                Article
                S0102-76381993000400006
                21d16b70-89ca-4a39-b4ac-0fe445c6d84e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-7638&lng=en
                Categories
                CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
                SURGERY

                Surgery,Cardiovascular Medicine
                patent ductus arteriosus,persistência do canal arterial
                Surgery, Cardiovascular Medicine
                patent ductus arteriosus, persistência do canal arterial

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