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      Progressive muscular dystrophy: Duchenne type. Controversies of the kinesitherapy treatment

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          Abstract

          The authors carried out a study of children with progressive muscular dystrophy of Duchenne type (DMD), giving special attention to physiatrical follow-up, having in mind that the practice of exercises has been debated very much in the specialized literature. The goal of this study is to try to settle the limits for the utilization of kinesitherapy which should be applied only in specific situations, such as: after skeletal muscular trauma or when the respiratory system is at risk. In this situation the physiatrical procedure would be to restrict physical activity, with early use of wheelchairs and the exclusion of the use of orthoses for orthostatism. DMD, at present, has been considered a result of duplication (60%), deletion (5 to 6%) or point mutations at gen Xp21 (Zatz, 1994), that codifies a protein called Dystrophin ( Hoffman et al., 1987). Dystrophin is a cytoskeletal sarcolemmic protein that constitutes about .002% of the total protein of the muscle, present in skeletal fibers concentrated in muscle tendinous joints, which supplies mechanical reinforcement to the surface of the membrane during stretching and shortening physical activity. This protein is absent in DMD cases, wherefore, the sarcolemma undergoes a segmentary necrosis losing its contractile property during eccentric and concentric physical activity. The importance of physiatrical follow-up for DMD patients is to avoid deformities and tendon shortening, to ameliorate the patient's quality of life, to provide respiratory assistance and general couseling to members of the patient's family. The objective of this study is to try to clarify the risks and possibilities of kinesitherapy applied to DMD cases.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Trabalho realizado em crianças com Distrofia Muscular tipo Duchenne (DMD), focalizando a atuação fisiátrica em razão da polêmica sobre os exercícios físicos nestes pacientes. Hoje, sabe-se que a DMD resulta de uma anomalia genética (Xp21) acompanhada da ausência de DISTROFINA, condição determinante da necrose do sarcolema e eliminação de sua propriedade contrátil durante as atividades físicas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram atendidas 10 crianças DMD: 2 grabatárias e 8 com sinais conspícuos da doença. Todas receberam bloqueadores de cálcio, atenção cardiológica e respiratória. Excluiram-se os exercícios resistidos, de estiramento de estruturas retraídas e mobilizações passivas. Mantiveram-se: a órtese no momento de perda da deambulação, a assistência postural e a prevenção de fadiga. Mas, estabeleceu-se um programa domiciliar de atividades físicas escolar e recreativa moderadas, e exercícios de alongamento realizados de forma cautelosa. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: A exclusão da cinesioterapia e a restrição de atividades físicas extenuantes atenuaram a fadiga muscular e melhoraram a marcha, mantendo-se a capacidade física razoável em oito crianças. A atenção fisiátrica às crianças com DMD previne os encurtamentos tendinosos, melhora a qualidade de vida, presta assistência respiratória e orienta os familiares. Atualmente, muitos autores concordam sobre a vantagem da restrição de exercícios e da prevenção da fadiga muscular. Entretanto, aguardam-se mais esclarecimentos após a inclusão da cinesiologia nas pesquisas que estão em andamento.

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          Most cited references14

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          The Clinical Management of Muscle Disease

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            Physical therapy in neuromuscular disorders

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              O impacto da biologia molecular na compreensão e prevenção das miopatias hereditárias

              L. Zatz (1994)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                spmj
                Sao Paulo Medical Journal
                Sao Paulo Med. J.
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM (São Paulo )
                1806-9460
                October 1995
                : 113
                : 5
                : 995-999
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                Article
                S1516-31801995000500007
                10.1590/S1516-31801995000500007
                220500ce-59ad-49a3-9ff5-42471e2f8471

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3180&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Neuromuscular disease,Duchenne muscular dystrophy
                Internal medicine
                Neuromuscular disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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