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      Transitioning to the safe and just space inside ‘the doughnut’ by means of agroecological niche food systems: insights from Chile and Uruguay Translated title: La transición al espacio seguro y justo dentro de “la rosquilla” mediante sistemas agroecológicos de alimentos de nicho: reflexiones de Chile y Uruguay

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          Abstract

          Abstract To operate within the safe and just operating space captured by the doughnut metaphor, sustainability transitions are needed in the food system. Niche food systems with highly distinct practices and organization constitute a treasure chest of alternatives from which society can build new futures. Policy has little awareness of niche food systems and their potential contributions to sustainability transitions. Importantly, this limits society's ability to adapt. Here, we review findings from an ongoing scientific project into different components of the vegetable food systems in Chile and Uruguay. The aim of the project is to investigate options for transitioning to low- or no-pesticide vegetable food systems. The results show: 1. the presence of promising alternative vegetable food systems in Chile, which are, however, highly marginalized and disempowered; 2. a diversity of vertical and horizontal producer arrangements in Uruguay and the need for value-driven as well as market-driven engagement; and 3. major possibilities for improving production systems to arrive within the doughnut by taking a systems perspective at the farm scale that includes the farm families and their networks. Consequences of these findings for alternative vegetable food systems are discussed.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Para permanecer dentro del espacio operativo seguro y justo capturado por la metáfora de la rosquilla (“doughnut metaphor”), se necesitan transiciones hacia sistemas alimentarios sostenibles. Los sistemas alimentarios de nicho, compuestos por distintas prácticas y formas de organización, constituyen un tesoro de alternativas a partir de las cuales la sociedad puede construir nuevos futuros. La política tiene poca conciencia de los sistemas alimentarios de nicho y sus potenciales contribuciones a las transiciones de sostenibilidad. Es importante destacar que esto limita la capacidad de adaptación de la sociedad. Aquí, revisamos los hallazgos de un proyecto científico en curso sobre diferentes componentes de los sistemas alimentarios hortícolas en Chile y Uruguay. El objetivo del proyecto es investigar opciones para la transición hacia sistemas alimentarios hortícolas con bajo contenido de pesticidas o sin pesticidas. Los resultados muestran (1) en Chile, la existencia de sistemas alimentarios hortícolas alternativos con características prometedoras, que, sin embargo, se encuentran marginados y desempoderados; (2) en Uruguay, una diversidad de acuerdos verticales y horizontales de los productores y la necesidad de una participación impulsada por los valores y el mercado; y (3) grandes posibilidades de mejorar los sistemas de producción hortícolas para ubicarse dentro de la rosquilla, mediante la adopción de una perspectiva de sistema a escala de la granja que incluya a las familias de agricultores y sus redes. Se discuten las consecuencias de estos hallazgos para los sistemas alimentarios hortícolas alternativos.

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          Most cited references40

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          Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study

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            Ecosystem Services in Biologically Diversified versus Conventional Farming Systems: Benefits, Externalities, and Trade-Offs

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              Global, regional and national consumption of major food groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys worldwide

              Objective To quantify global intakes of key foods related to non-communicable diseases in adults by region (n=21), country (n=187), age and sex, in 1990 and 2010. Design We searched and obtained individual-level intake data in 16 age/sex groups worldwide from 266 surveys across 113 countries. We combined these data with food balance sheets available in all nations and years. A hierarchical Bayesian model estimated mean food intake and associated uncertainty for each age-sex-country-year stratum, accounting for differences in intakes versus availability, survey methods and representativeness, and sampling and modelling uncertainty. Setting/population Global adult population, by age, sex, country and time. Results In 2010, global fruit intake was 81.3 g/day (95% uncertainty interval 78.9–83.7), with country-specific intakes ranging from 19.2–325.1 g/day; in only 2 countries (representing 0.4% of the world's population), mean intakes met recommended targets of ≥300 g/day. Country-specific vegetable intake ranged from 34.6–493.1 g/day (global mean=208.8 g/day); corresponding values for nuts/seeds were 0.2–152.7 g/day (8.9 g/day); for whole grains, 1.3–334.3 g/day (38.4 g/day); for seafood, 6.0–87.6 g/day (27.9 g/day); for red meats, 3.0–124.2 g/day (41.8 g/day); and for processed meats, 2.5–66.1 g/day (13.7 g/day). Mean national intakes met recommended targets in countries representing 0.4% of the global population for vegetables (≥400 g/day); 9.6% for nuts/seeds (≥4 (28.35 g) servings/week); 7.6% for whole grains (≥2.5 (50 g) servings/day); 4.4% for seafood (≥3.5 (100 g) servings/week); 20.3% for red meats (≤1 (100 g) serving/week); and 38.5% for processed meats (≤1 (50 g) serving/week). Intakes of healthful foods were generally higher and of less healthful foods generally lower at older ages. Intakes were generally similar by sex. Vegetable, seafood and processed meat intakes were stable over time; fruits, nuts/seeds and red meat, increased; and whole grains, decreased. Conclusions These global dietary data by nation, age and sex identify key challenges and opportunities for optimising diets, informing policies and priorities for improving global health.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijanr
                International journal of agriculture and natural resources
                Int. j. agric. nat. resour.
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal (Santiago, , Chile )
                2452-5731
                December 2020
                : 47
                : 3
                : 295-311
                Affiliations
                [4] Wageningen orgnameWageningen University and Research The Netherlands
                [1] Wageningen orgnameWageningen University and Research The Netherlands
                [5] Quillota Valparaíso orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso orgdiv1Escuela de Agronomía Chile
                [6] Wageningen orgnameWageningen University The Netherlands
                [2] Wageningen orgnameWageningen University and Research orgdiv1Business Management & Organisation The Netherlands
                [3] Montevideo Montevideo orgnameUniversidad de la República Uruguay
                Article
                S2452-57312020000300295 S2452-5731(20)04700300295
                10.7764/ijanr.v47i3.2258
                22202e3a-05ff-4f25-b627-982fc426d86d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 May 2020
                : 07 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                sistema alimentario hortícola,sistema de la cadena de valor,sistema de producción,Production system,support structures,value chain system,vegetable food system,Estructuras de soporte

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