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      Amphibians of Serra Bonita, southern Bahia: a new hotpoint within Brazil’s Atlantic Forest hotspot

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          We studied the amphibian community of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) Serra Bonita, an area of 20 km 2 with steep altitudinal gradients (200–950 m a.s.l.) located in the municipalities of Camacan and Pau-Brasil, southern Bahia State, Brazil. Data were obtained at 38 sampling sites (including ponds and transects within the forest and in streams), through active and visual and acoustic searches, pitfall traps, and opportunistic encounters. We recorded 80 amphibian species distributed in 15 families: Aromobatidae (1), Brachycephalidae (3), Bufonidae (4), Centrolenidae (2), Ceratophryidae (1), Craugastoridae (7), Eleutherodactylidae (2), Hemiphractidae (2), Hylidae (42), Hylodidae (1), Leptodactylidae (7), Microhylidae (3), Siphonopidae (1), Odontophrynidae (3) and Pipidae (1). Species richness was positively correlated with monthly rainfall. Near 36% of the species were found in strictly forest environments, 15% are endemic to Bahia State and 77.2% are endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome. The large species diversity of this small area, the high degree of endemism and the taxonomic and biogeographic significance turn the Serra Bonita mountain into a hotpoint for amphibians within Brazil’s Atlantic Forest hotspot.

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          Neste trabalho, estudamos a comunidade de anfíbios da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Serra Bonita que possui área de 20 km² com gradientes altitudinais abruptos (200–950 m acima do nível do mar), localizada nos municípios de Camacan e Pau Brasil, sul do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos em 38 diferentes sítios amostrais (incluindo poças, transectos no interior da floresta e em riachos) através de procura ativa visual e acústica, armadilhas de interceptação e queda e por encontros oportunísticos. Foram registradas 80 espécies de anfíbios distribuídas em 15 famílias: Aromobatidae (1), Brachycephalidae (3), Bufonidae (4), Centrolenidae (2), Ceratophryidae (1), Craugastoridae (7), Eleutherodactylidae (2), Hemiphractidae (2), Hylidae (42), Hylodidae (1), Leptodactylidae (7), Microhylidae (3), Siphonopidae (1), Odontophrynidae (3) e Pipidae (1). A riqueza foi positivamente correlacionada com a precipitação mensal. Aproximadamente 36% das espécies foram encontradas em ambientes estritamente florestais, 15% são endêmicas do Estado da Bahia e 77.2% são endêmicas do bioma Mata Atlântica. A alta diversidade de espécies desta pequena área, o elevado endemismo e a relevância taxonômica e biogeográfica tornam a Serra Bonita um ‘hotpoint’ para anfíbios no ‘hotspot’ da Mata Atlântica.

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          Alien predators and amphibian declines: review of two decades of science and the transition to conservation

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            Annual activity patterns of anurans in a seasonal neotropical environment.

            At Panguana, a study in the upper Amazon basin, 7 different aquatic breeding sites of anurans were investigated from Nov. 1, 1981 to Oct. 31, 1982. Rainfall in this area is seasonal. Only 20% of the total annual precipitation was maesured during the dry period, which lasted from mid-March until mid-September 1982. The reproductive periods of the species were highly affected by the rainfall distribution. Calling males and/or gravid females of 46 species were found during the study period. 37.0% of the anuran species were exclusively, and 43.5% predominantly, active during the rainy season. Plots of 100 m(2) were established at 6 aquatic sites in primary rainforest. A total of 2126 frogs was counted; 93.2% of these were made during the rainy season. A maximum of 378 individuals were found during one check in the plot at the permanent pond. At this site high concentrations of individuals and large choruses were found at the beginning of the rainy season. As soon as favourable temporary aquatic sites were established, reproductive activities decreased at the permanent pond and increased at temporary breeding sites.
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              A hot-point within a hot-spot: a high diversity site in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                ZooKeys
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2014
                22 October 2014
                : 449
                : 105-130
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km, 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
                [2 ]Graduate Program in Applied Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
                [3 ]Conselho de Curadores das Coleções Científicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Iuri Ribeiro Dias ( iurirdias@ 123456hotmail.com )

                Academic editor: F. Andreone

                Article
                10.3897/zookeys.449.7494
                4233400
                222b0a18-f776-4224-bf05-4d839a087916
                Iuri Ribeiro Dias, Tadeu Teixeira Medeiros, Marcos Ferreira Vila Nova, Mirco Solé

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 12 March 2014
                : 12 September 2014
                Categories
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                Animal science & Zoology
                anura,mountain,biodiversity,species distribution,species richness
                Animal science & Zoology
                anura, mountain, biodiversity, species distribution, species richness

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