Utilização de probiótico e monensina sódica sobre o desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento

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Abstract

O objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar o efeito do probiótico a base de bactérias produtoras de lactato (DBR) e da monensina sódica (MON) sobre o desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 18 machos, não castrados, com média de idade de 18 meses e 362,0 ±30,0kg de peso vivo inicial, divididos em três tratamentos: 1) 2g de DBR; 2) 1g de DBR + 138mg de MON e; 3) 275mg de MON, caracterizando delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 6 animais por tratamento, divididos em 18 baias (1 animal/baia) em sistema de alimentação do tipo Calan Gate. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias, os animais foram pesados e submetidos a avaliações de ultrassonografia a cada 28 dias. Não houve efeito dos aditivos alimentares em relação ao peso vivo final e consumo de massa seca em percentagem do peso vivo. O ganho de peso diário foi menor nos primeiros 28 e 56 dias de estudo para animais que consumiram MON e DBR+MON, porém não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos no período total. Animais alimentados com DBR+MON apresentaram maior consumo de massa seca durante todo o estudo, porém pior conversão alimentar que aqueles alimentados com DBR ou MON. Animais alimentados com DBR+MON apresentaram menor rendimento de carcaça que aqueles suplementados com DBR apenas e animais suplementados com MON tiveram maior espessura de gordura subcutânea ao final do estudo. A suplementação com o DBR apenas, pode ser uma alternativa para substituir a monensina.

Translated abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic based on lactate-producing bacteria (DBR) and sodium monensin (MON) on feedlot performance and carcass traits of feedlot Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized design, replicated 6 times, in which 18 18-months-old yearling Nellore bulls (362,0 ± 30,0kg) were fed in individual pens for 84 days (1 animal/pen) in Calan gate system according to the treatments: 1) 2g of DBR; 2) 1g of DBR + 138mg of MON and; 3) 275mg of MON. The experiment lasted 84 days; the animals were both weighed and evaluated by ultrasound every 28 days. There was no effect of feed additives on final body weight and dry matter intake, expressed as percentage of body weight. The average daily gain was lower in the first 28 and 56 days of the study for animals fed MON and MON+DBR, but overall, no differences were observed between treatments were detected. Animals fed MON+DBR showed higher dry matter intake throughout the study, but lower feed conversion than those fed with DBR or MON. Animals fed MON+DBR had decreased dressing percentage than those supplemented with DBR only. In addition, animals fed only MON had thicker back fat by the end of the study. Supplementation with DBR may eventually be an alternative to replace MON.

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The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics.

Huynh A Hong, Le Hong Duc, Simon Cutting (2005)

The field of probiosis has emerged as a new science with applications in farming and aqaculture as alternatives to antibiotics as well as prophylactics in humans. Probiotics are being developed commercially for both human use, primarily as novel foods or dietary supplements, and in animal feeds for the prevention of gastrointestinal infections, with extensive use in the poultry and aquaculture industries. The impending ban of antibiotics in animal feed, the current concern over the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, the failure to identify new antibiotics and the inherent problems with developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternative prophylactics. Among the large number of probiotic products in use today are bacterial spore formers, mostly of the genus Bacillus. Used primarily in their spore form, these products have been shown to prevent gastrointestinal disorders and the diversity of species used and their applications are astonishing. Understanding the nature of this probiotic effect is complicated, not only because of the complexities of understanding the microbial interactions that occur within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), but also because Bacillus species are considered allochthonous microorganisms. This review summarizes the commercial applications of Bacillus probiotics. A case will be made that many Bacillus species should not be considered allochthonous microorganisms but, instead, ones that have a bimodal life cycle of growth and sporulation in the environment as well as within the GIT. Specific mechanisms for how Bacillus species can inhibit gastrointestinal infections will be covered, including immunomodulation and the synthesis of antimicrobials. Finally, the safety and licensing issues that affect the use of Bacillus species for commercial development will be summarized, together with evidence showing the growing need to evaluate the safety of individual Bacillus strains as well as species on a case by case by basis.

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A snapshot of management practices and nutritional recommendations used by feedlot nutritionists in Brazil.

D Millen, R D L Pacheco, M D B Arrigoni … (2009)

Feedlot consulting nutritionists were invited to participate in a survey of feedlot nutritional and management practices in Brazil. Thirty-one nutritionists completed the survey on a Web site that was designed for collection of survey data. The survey consisted of 94 questions that included general information (n = 10); commodity information (n = 12); and questions about the use of coproducts (n = 5), roughage source and levels (n = 5), finishing diet adaptation methods (n = 7), supplements and micronutrients (n = 8), feed mixers (n = 6), feeding management (n = 3), cattle management and type of cattle fed (n = 16), formulation practices (n = 17), information resources used for nutritional recommendations (n = 2), and 2 additional questions. One final question addressed the primary challenges associated with applying nutritional recommendations in practice. The number of animals serviced yearly by each nutritionist averaged 121,682 (minimum = 2,000; maximum = 1,500,000; mode = 120,000; total = 3,163,750). Twenty-two respondents (71%) worked with feedlots that feed less than 5,000 animals/yr. Labor, along with availability and precision of equipment, seemed to be the main challenges for the nutritionists surveyed. Most of the nutritionists surveyed used TDN as the primary energy unit for formulation. More than 50% of the clients serviced by the 31 nutritionists did not manage feed bunks to control the quantity of feed offered per pen, and 36.6% fed cattle more than 4 times daily. The NRC (1996) and Journal of Animal Science were the most used sources of information by these nutritionists. Overall, general practices and nutritional recommendations provided by the 31 nutritionists surveyed were fairly consistent. Present data should aid in development of new research, future National Research Council models, and recommendations for Brazilian feeding systems in which Bos indicus cattle predominate.