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      • Article: found

      Overexpression of AQP5 Was Detected in Axillary Sweat Glands of Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis Patients

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          Abstract

          Background: The expression of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in human axillary sweat glands has never been studied so far. Objective: To detect the expression of AQP5 in axillary sweat glands of patients with primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) relative to control subjects. Methods: The morphological characteristics and the number of sweat coils in axillary sweat glands were compared between two groups by using transmission electron microscopy. The expression of AQP5 was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of morphological characteristics and the number of sweat coils in axillary sweat glands. The expressions of AQP5 protein and AQP5 mRNA were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. Conclusion: AQP5 is involved in the secretion of human axillary sweat glands. The overexpression of AQP5 in sweat glands is probably one pathogenetic mechanism underlying PFH.

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          US prevalence of hyperhidrosis and impact on individuals with axillary hyperhidrosis: results from a national survey.

          Steven D. Glaser, W B Kowalski, P Stang … (2004)
          The current epidemiologic data on hyperhidrosis are scarce and insufficient to provide precise prevalence or impact estimates. We sought to estimate the prevalence of hyperhidrosis in the US population and assess the impact of sweating on those affected by axillary hyperhidrosis. A nationally representative sample of 150,000 households was screened by mailed survey for hyperhidrosis and projected to the US population based on US census data. Ascertainment of hyperhidrosis was based on a question that asked whether participants experienced excessive or abnormal/unusual sweating. The prevalence of hyperhidrosis in the survey sample was 2.9% (6800 individuals). The projected prevalence of hyperhidrosis in the United States is 2.8% (7.8 million individuals), and 50.8% of this population (4.0 million individuals) reported that they have axillary hyperhidrosis (1.4% of the US population). Only 38% had discussed their sweating with a health care professional. Approximately one third of individuals with axillary hyperhidrosis (0.5% of the US population or 1.3 million individuals) reported that their sweating is barely tolerable and frequently interferes, or is intolerable and always interferes, with daily activities. Hyperhidrosis affects a much larger proportion of the US population than previously reported. More than half of these individuals have axillary hyperhidrosis, in which sweating can result in occupational, emotional, psychological, social, and physical impairment.
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            Defective secretion of saliva in transgenic mice lacking aquaporin-5 water channels.

            T. Ma, Y. Song, A. Gillespie … (1999)
            Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-selective transporting protein expressed in epithelial cells of serous acini in salivary gland. We generated AQP5 null mice by targeted gene disruption. The genotype distribution from intercross of founder AQP5 heterozygous mice was 70:69:29 wild-type:heterozygote:knockout, indicating impaired prenatal survival of the null mice. The knockout mice had grossly normal appearance, but grew approximately 20% slower than litter-matched wild-type mice when placed on solid food after weaning. Pilocarpine-stimulated saliva production was reduced by more than 60% in AQP5 knockout mice. Compared with the saliva from wild-type mice, the saliva from knockout mice was hypertonic (420 mosM) and dramatically more viscous. Amylase and protein secretion, functions of salivary mucous cells, were not affected by AQP5 deletion. Water channels AQP1 and AQP4 have also been localized to salivary gland; however, pilocarpine stimulation studies showed no defect in the volume or composition of saliva in AQP1 and AQP4 knockout mice. These results implicate a key role for AQP5 in saliva fluid secretion and provide direct evidence that high epithelial cell membrane water permeability is required for active, near-isosmolar fluid transport.
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              Aquaporin water channels in mammals.

              S Kondo, Kenichi Ishibashi, S Hara (2009)
              Water channels, aquaporins (AQPs), are a family of small integral plasma membrane proteins that primarily transport water across the plasma membrane. There are 13 members (AQP0-12) in humans. This number is final as the human genome project has been completed. They are divided into three subgroups based on the primary sequences: water selective AQPs (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8), aquaglyceroporins (AQP3, 7, 9, 10), and superaquaporins (AQP11, 12). Since no specific inhibitors are yet available, functional roles of AQPs are suggested by AQP null mice and humans. Abnormal water metabolism was shown with AQP1, 2, 3, 4, 5 null mice, especially with AQP2 null mice: fatal at neonate due to diabetes insipidus. Abnormal glycerol transport was shown with AQP3, 7, 9 null mice, although they appeared normal. AQP0 null mice suffer from cataracts, although the pathogenesis is not clear. Unexpectedly, AQP11 null mice die from uremia as a result of polycystic kidneys. Interestingly, AQP6, 8, 10, 12 null mice are almost normal. AQP null humans have been reported with AQP0, 1, 2, 3, 7: only AQP2 null humans show an outstanding phenotype, diabetes insipidus. This review summarizes the current knowledge on all mammalian AQPs and hopefully will stimulate future research in both clinical and basic fields.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DRM
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dermatology
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1018-8665
                Title: Dermatology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 1018-8665
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9832
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2016
                Publication date (Print): April 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 March 2016
                Volume: 232
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 150-155
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, and bBiomedical Engineering Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
                Author notes
                *Jian-Feng Chen or Yuan-Rong Tu, Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005 (PR China), E-Mail chenjianfeng2006@sina.com or tuyuanrongmd@hotmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 444081 Other ID: Dermatology 2016;232:150-155
                DOI: 10.1159/000444081
                PubMed ID: 26930592
                SO-VID: 224b73bf-f878-4df1-a95e-051144ae4af9
                Copyright © © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 26 October 2015
                Date accepted : 11 January 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, References: 24, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy,Pathology,Surgery,Dermatology,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: Axillary sweat glands,Primary focal hyperhidrosis,Aquaporin 5
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy, Pathology, Surgery, Dermatology, Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: Axillary sweat glands, Primary focal hyperhidrosis, Aquaporin 5

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