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      Binding of sperm to somatic cells via HLA-DR. Modulation by sulfated carbohydrates.

      The Journal of Immunology Author Choice
      3T3 Cells, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, transmission, Animals, B-Lymphocytes, cytology, Cell Adhesion, Cell Fusion, Glycoconjugates, metabolism, HLA-DR Antigens, genetics, In Vitro Techniques, Male, Mice, Receptors, Cell Surface, Recombinant Proteins, Spermatozoa, Sulfates

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          Abstract

          We have shown previously that human sperm bind and enter leukocytes expressing surface HLA class II molecules. In the present study, mutant B lymphoblastoid cells and HLA-DR-transfected murine 3T3 fibroblasts are used to confirm that HLA class II molecules are somatic cell receptors for sperm. Further, for isolated HLA-DR expressed on murine cells, we show that sperm receptor activity requires the presence of sulfated carbohydrates. As carriers of multiple HLA-DR binding ligands, sperm may 1) mimic the target cell-activating effects of anti-DR antibody and 2) bind HIV through CD4-like or alternate receptors. By these or other mechanisms, sperm/somatic cell interactions in the female reproductive tract may affect fertility and potentiate the sexual transmission of AIDS.

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