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      Sleep in the crustacean crayfish

      brief-report
      Gaceta médica de México
      Academia Nacional de Medicina de México A.C.
      Sleep, Slow wave activity in the brain, Crustacean, Brain

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          Abstract

          Sleep is defined as a state of unconsciousness, reduced locomotive activity and rapid awakening, and is well established in mammals, birds, reptiles and teleosts. Commonly, it is also defined with electrical records (electroencephalogram), which are only well established in mammals and to some extent in birds. However, sleep states similar to those of mammals, except for electrical criteria, appear to occur in some invertebrates. Currently, the most compelling evidence of sleep in invertebrates has been obtained in the crayfish. In mammals, sleep is characterized by a brain state that is different from that of wakefulness, which includes a change to slow waves that has not been observed in insects. Herein, we show that the crayfish enters a brain state with a high threshold to vibratory stimuli, accompanied by a form of slow wave activity in the brain, quite different from that of wakefulness. Therefore, the crayfish can enter a state of sleep that is comparable to that of mammals.

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          Most cited references10

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          Neuronal correlates of sleep, wakefulness and arousal in a diurnal insect.

          The discovery that various states of sleep, rest, wakefulness and arousal in man can be correlated with specific forms of the electroencephalogram1 has led to intensive studies of these states, mostly in mammals2-5. Today it is generally accepted that circadian sleep-wakefulness cycles occur in mammals and birds2,3,6. Behavioural observations on sleep in moths have also been published7; many other invertebrates demonstrate rest/activity cycles8. Circadian sensitivity fluctuations in both central9 and peripheral10-15 components of the visual system of various nocturnal arthropod species have been demonstrated. We now report that long-term, extracellular, single-unit recordings from optomotor interneurones in the optic lobes of forager honey bees reveal an oscillation in their sensitivity to moving visual stimuli16, 17. The oscillation displays properties typical of a circadian rhythm6, 18. The sensitivity of the neurons is higher during the subjective day than during the subjective night. The locomotor activity of individual, fixed walking forager bees shows a similar circadian oscillation and is also higher during the subjective day. Visual and mechanical stimuli can act directly on the interneurones and restore their sensitivity during times of reduced neuronal responsiveness. A comparison with results available for mammals makes it likely that the neuronal phenomena presented here are correlates of the bee's circadian sleep-wakefulness rhythm.
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            Morphology of the Brain of Crayfish, Crabs, and Spiny Lobsters: A Common Nomenclature for Homologous Structures

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              Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain.

              Sleep is a widespread biological phenomenon, and its scientific study is proceeding at multiple levels at the same time. Marked progress is being made in answering three fundamental questions: what is sleep, what are its mechanisms and what are its functions? The most salient answers to these questions have resulted from applying new techniques from basic and applied neuroscience research. The study of sleep is also shedding light on our understanding of consciousness, which undergoes alteration in parallel with sleep-induced changes in the brain.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gmm
                Gaceta médica de México
                Gac. Méd. Méx
                Academia Nacional de Medicina de México A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0016-3813
                2696-1288
                October 2019
                : 155
                : 5
                : 496-499
                Affiliations
                [1] Mexico City orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine orgdiv2Department of Physiology Mexico
                Article
                S0016-38132019000500496 S0016-3813(19)15500500496
                10.24875/gmm.m20000338
                225e40ad-f406-48f6-9504-c78f87c708e9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 March 2019
                : 25 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Symposium

                Sleep,Slow wave activity in the brain,Crustacean,Brain
                Sleep, Slow wave activity in the brain, Crustacean, Brain

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