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      Mechanisms of fibrosis: therapeutic translation for fibrotic disease.

      1 ,
      Nature medicine
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          Fibrosis is a pathological feature of most chronic inflammatory diseases. Fibrosis, or scarring, is defined by the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix components. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process eventually leads to organ malfunction and death. Fibrosis affects nearly every tissue in the body. Here we discuss how key components of the innate and adaptive immune response contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. We also describe how cell-intrinsic changes in important structural cells can perpetuate the fibrotic response by regulating the differentiation, recruitment, proliferation and activation of extracellular matrix-producing myofibroblasts. Finally, we highlight some of the key mechanisms and pathways of fibrosis that are being targeted as potential therapies for a variety of important human diseases.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nat Med
          Nature medicine
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1546-170X
          1078-8956
          Jul 06 2012
          : 18
          : 7
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Immunopathogenesis Section, Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. twynn@niaid.nih.gov
          Article
          nm.2807 NIHMS394255
          10.1038/nm.2807
          3405917
          22772564
          22c47b14-a110-4a83-a9e2-8b90f7045c8f
          History

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