9
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Dimensional compatibility and limitations of tracheal intubation through supraglottic airway devices: a mannequin-based in vitro study Translated title: Compatibilité dimensionnelle et limitations de l’intubation trachéale avec des dispositifs supraglottiques : une étude in vitro sur mannequin

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Flexible bronchoscope-guided tracheal intubation through supraglottic airway devices (SGAs) is a well-established element of difficult intubation algorithms. Success can be limited by dimensional incompatibilities between tracheal tubes (TTs) and SGAs.

          Methods

          In this in vitro study, we tested the feasibility of TT passage through SGAs, removal of SGAs over TTs, and the ability to guide the flexible bronchoscope with 13 TT brands (internal diameter, 6.5–8.0 mm) and ten different SGAs (#4 and #5) in an intubation mannequin.

          Results

          We tested 1,040 combinations of SGAs and TTs. Tracheal tube passage failed in 155 (30%) combinations of the five tested first-generation SGAs (117 [46%] with SGA #4, 38 [15%] with SGA #5) and in three (0.6%) combinations of the five tested second-generation SGAs (two [0.8%] with SGA #4 and one [0.4%] with SGA #5). The reason for failed passage of a TT through a first-generation SGA consistently was a too-narrow SGA connector. Removal of the SGA over the TT in the 882 remaining combinations was impossible for all sizes of reinforced TTs, except the Parker Reinforced TT, and was possible for all non-reinforced TTs. Only one combination with SGA #4 and 84 combinations with SGA #5 were not ideal to adequately guide the flexible bronchoscope.

          Conclusion

          Clinically relevant combinations of adult-size TTs and SGAs can be incompatible, rendering flexible bronchoscope-guided tracheal intubation through an SGA impossible. Additional limitations exist regarding removal of the SGA and maneuverability of the flexible bronchoscope.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1007/s12630-021-01993-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Résumé

          Contexte

          L’intubation endotrachéale guidée par bronchoscope flexible via un dispositif supraglottique (DSG) est un élément établi des algorithmes utilisés pour les intubations difficiles. La réussite de l’intubation peut être limitée par des incompatibilités dimensionnelles entre les tubes endotrachéaux (TET) et les DSG.

          Méthode

          Dans cette étude in vitro, nous avons testé la faisabilité de faire passer un TET par un DSG, le retrait du DSG par-dessus le TET et la possibilité de guider un bronchoscope flexible avec 13 marques de TET (diamètre interne, 6,5-8,0 mm) et dix DSG différents (#4 et #5) sur un mannequin d’intubation.

          Résultats

          Nous avons testé 1040 combinaisons de DSG et de TET. Le passage du tube endotrachéal a échoué dans 155 (30 %) combinaisons avec les cinq DSG de première génération testés (117 [46 %] avec DSG #4, 38 [15 %] avec DSG #5) et dans trois (0,6 %) combinaisons avec les cinq DSG de deuxième génération testés (deux [0,8 %] avec DSG #4 et une [0,4 %] avec DSG #5). La raison de l’échec du passage d’un TET à travers un DSG de première génération était systématiquement liée à un connecteur de DSG trop étroit. Dans les 882 combinaisons restantes, le retrait du DSG par-dessus le TET s’est avéré impossible avec toutes les tailles de TET armés, à l’exception du TET armé Parker, et était possible avec tous les TET non armés. Une seule combinaison avec le DSG #4 et 84 combinaisons avec le DSG #5 n’étaient pas idéales pour guider le bronchoscope flexible de manière adéquate.

          Conclusion

          Les combinaisons cliniquement pertinentes de TET et de DSG de tailles adultes peuvent être incompatibles, rendant impossible l’intubation endotrachéale guidée par bronchoscope flexible via un DSG. D’autres limites existent en ce qui concerne le retrait du DSG et la maniabilité du bronchoscope flexible.

          Related collections

          Most cited references28

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Difficult Airway Society 2015 guidelines for management of unanticipated difficult intubation in adults†

          These guidelines provide a strategy to manage unanticipated difficulty with tracheal intubation. They are founded on published evidence. Where evidence is lacking, they have been directed by feedback from members of the Difficult Airway Society and based on expert opinion. These guidelines have been informed by advances in the understanding of crisis management; they emphasize the recognition and declaration of difficulty during airway management. A simplified, single algorithm now covers unanticipated difficulties in both routine intubation and rapid sequence induction. Planning for failed intubation should form part of the pre-induction briefing, particularly for urgent surgery. Emphasis is placed on assessment, preparation, positioning, preoxygenation, maintenance of oxygenation, and minimizing trauma from airway interventions. It is recommended that the number of airway interventions are limited, and blind techniques using a bougie or through supraglottic airway devices have been superseded by video- or fibre-optically guided intubation. If tracheal intubation fails, supraglottic airway devices are recommended to provide a route for oxygenation while reviewing how to proceed. Second-generation devices have advantages and are recommended. When both tracheal intubation and supraglottic airway device insertion have failed, waking the patient is the default option. If at this stage, face-mask oxygenation is impossible in the presence of muscle relaxation, cricothyroidotomy should follow immediately. Scalpel cricothyroidotomy is recommended as the preferred rescue technique and should be practised by all anaesthetists. The plans outlined are designed to be simple and easy to follow. They should be regularly rehearsed and made familiar to the whole theatre team.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway.

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults

              These guidelines describe a comprehensive strategy to optimize oxygenation, airway management, and tracheal intubation in critically ill patients, in all hospital locations. They are a direct response to the 4th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Difficult Airway Society, which highlighted deficient management of these extremely vulnerable patients leading to major complications and avoidable deaths. They are founded on robust evidence where available, supplemented by expert consensus opinion where it is not. These guidelines recognize that improved outcomes of emergency airway management require closer attention to human factors, rather than simply introduction of new devices or improved technical proficiency. They stress the role of the airway team, a shared mental model, planning, and communication throughout airway management. The primacy of oxygenation including pre- and peroxygenation is emphasized. A modified rapid sequence approach is recommended. Optimal management is presented in an algorithm that combines Plans B and C, incorporating elements of the Vortex approach. To avoid delays and task fixation, the importance of limiting procedural attempts, promptly recognizing failure, and transitioning to the next algorithm step are emphasized. The guidelines recommend early use of a videolaryngoscope, with a screen visible to all, and second generation supraglottic airways for airway rescue. Recommendations for emergency front of neck airway are for a scalpel-bougie-tube technique while acknowledging the value of other techniques performed by trained experts. As most critical care airway catastrophes occur after intubation, from dislodged or blocked tubes, essential methods to avoid these complications are also emphasized.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lukas.gasteiger@tirol-kliniken.at
                Journal
                Can J Anaesth
                Can J Anaesth
                Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                0832-610X
                1496-8975
                20 May 2021
                20 May 2021
                2021
                : 68
                : 9
                : 1337-1348
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.5361.1, ISNI 0000 0000 8853 2677, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, , Medical University of Innsbruck, ; Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
                [2 ]GRID grid.412341.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0726 4330, Department of Anaesthesiology, , University Children’s Hospital Zurich, ; Zürich, Switzerland
                [3 ]GRID grid.412301.5, ISNI 0000 0000 8653 1507, Department of Anaesthesiology, , RWTH Aachen University Hospital, ; Aachen, Germany
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-9114
                Article
                1993
                10.1007/s12630-021-01993-5
                8376698
                34018159
                22d8e144-9e46-418d-9dcb-0af4620edd37
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                : 2 January 2021
                : 14 March 2021
                : 16 March 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck
                Categories
                Reports of Original Investigations
                Custom metadata
                © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2021

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                supraglottic airway device,tracheal tube,flexible bronchoscope,intubation,tracheal

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content114

                Cited by3

                Most referenced authors213