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      Importancia de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico en el reconocimiento de la trayectoria y sus variantes anatómicas del canal mandibular. Una revisión de la literatura Translated title: Importance of cone beam computed tomography in the recognition of the trajectory and anatomical variants of the mandibular canal. A review of the literature

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          RESUMEN

          El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre la importancia del uso de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) en el reconocimiento de la trayectoria y las variantes del canal mandibular (VCM), ya que esta permite obtener imágenes de alta calidad, con una exactitud de 94%, aproximadamente, mientras que la radiografía intraoral periapical (RIP) tiene un 53% y la radiografía extraoral panorámica (REP) presenta un 17% de exactitud. Las incidencias de las variantes del canal mandibular en estudios realizados utilizando TCHC fueron entre un 1,3% y un 69%. Estas pueden diferir entre los pacientes de diferentes orígenes étnicos y, a su vez, dentro de la misma población étnica; además, hay grandes diferencias en los tipos y configuraciones de las VCM dentro de cada grupo étnico. Estudios realizados han demostrado histológicamente el contenido de las VCM; la presencia de haces de nervios y arterias de diferentes calibres sugieren también que los pacientes presentan síntomas clínicos solamente si el paquete neurovascular alcanza cierto tamaño y número de fascículos. En este estudio se describieron las diferentes clasificaciones realizadas y actualizadas con TCHC.

          ABSTRACT

          The objective of this study was to provide an updated review of the literature on the importance of the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the recognition of the trajectory and variants of the mandibular canal (MCV).CBCT allows obtaining high quality images and visualization with an accuracy of approximately 94%, compared to 53% with periapical intraoral radiography (RIP) and 17% with panoramic extraoral radiography (REP), making CBCT an important diagnostic tool.The incidences of MCV in CBCT studies were between 1.3% and 69%, with differences between patients of different ethnic origins and within the same ethnic population, and in the types and configurations of MCV within each ethnic group. The studies available in the literature provide a histological description of the content of MCV. The presence of nerve and artery bundles of different calibers suggests that patients present clinical symptoms only if the neurovascular bundle reaches a certain size and number of fascicles. This review provides a description of the different classifications available and updated with CBCT.

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          Most cited references42

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          Evaluation of bifid mandibular canals with cone-beam computed tomography in a Turkish adult population: a retrospective study.

          Knowing the anatomic location and also variations of the mandibular canal is especially important for surgical procedures on mandible such as dental implant surgery, impacted molar extraction and sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The purpose of this study was to clarify the incidence and location of bifid mandibular canals in an adult Turkish population to avoid complications during surgical procedures. A retrospective study using cone beam CT images was performed to evaluate bifid mandibular canal in mandible of 242 patients. Both right and left sides were studied (n = 484). Axial, sagittal, cross-sectional and panoramic images were evaluated, and three-dimensional (3D) images were also reconstructed and evaluated, as necessary. The course and length of bifid mandibular canals and the superior and inferior angles between canals were measured. Bifid mandibular canals were observed in 225 (46.5%) of 484 sides examined. The most frequently encountered type of bifid canal was the forward canal (29.80%), followed by the retromolar (28.10%) the buccolingual (14.50%) and the dental canal type (8.30%). Mean lengths of bifid canals were 13.6 mm in the right side and 14.1 mm in the left side. Mean superior angles were 139° on the right and 141° on the left side, whereas mean inferior angles were 38° on the right side and 32° on the left side. No statistically significant differences were found in the lengths or angles between the right and left sides and also for gender (p < 0.05). This study, which utilized CBCT images, uncovered a higher prevalence of bifid mandibular canals than what has been reported in previous studies using conventional radiography techniques.
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            Bifid mandibular canals: cone beam computed tomography evaluation.

            For surgical procedures involving the posterior mandible, it is important to be familiar with the details of the bifid mandibular canal. To our knowledge, there have been no systematic studies evaluating the bifid mandibular canal using sectional imaging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and configuration of the bifid mandibular canal using cone beam CT.
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              The human mandibular canal arises from three separate canals innervating different tooth groups.

              The purpose of this study was to describe the prenatal formation of the human mandibular canal. Since bony canals develop in prenatal life around the nerve paths, it was assumed that the canal pattern could reflect the pattern of innervation of the dentition. Mapping of this early canal pattern does not appear to have been undertaken before. The material consisted of anthropological mandibles from the National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico City. A total of 302 human hemimandibles from the latter half of the prenatal period was investigated. The length, measured from the mental symphysis to the mandibular condyle, ranged from 28 to 60 mm. The dento-alveolar maturity was classified in two stages according to the appearance of alveolar sockets of deciduous and first permanent molars. The mandibles were radiographed with guttapercha points inserted into the canal openings (foramina) on the lingual surfaces of the mandibular rami. The study showed that the canal to the incisors appeared first, followed by the canal to the primary molars, and last by the one or more canals to the first permanent molars. In the most mature group, three different canals always occurred in each hemimandible. The canals were directed from the lingual surface of the mandibular ramus toward the different tooth groups. The inferior alveolar nerve presumably occurs in the mandible as three individual nerve paths originating at different stages of development. It is suggested that rapid prenatal growth and remodeling in the ramus region result in a gradual coalescence of the canal entrances that is obvious at birth. It is hypothesized that the pattern of tooth agenesis within the three groups of teeth is related to the three separate paths of innervation of the dentition.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Role:
                Role: Role:
                Role: Role:
                Journal
                Rev Cient Odontol (Lima)
                Rev Cient Odontol (Lima)
                odontologica
                Revista Científica Odontológica
                Universidad Científica del Sur
                2310-2594
                2523-2754
                11 March 2021
                Jan-Mar 2021
                : 9
                : 1
                : e046
                Affiliations
                [1 ] original División de Ortodoncia, Universidad FAIPE. Cuiabá, Brasil. heddik.29@gmail.com orgdiv1División de Ortodoncia orgnameUniversidad FAIPE Cuiabá, Brasil heddik.29@ 123456gmail.com
                [2 ] original División de Radiología Bucal y Maxilofacial, Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú. académico@ilaeperu.com normalizedUniversidad Científica del Sur orgdiv1División de Radiología Bucal y Maxilofacial orgnameUniversidad Científica del Sur Lima, Peru académico@ 123456ilaeperu.com
                [3 ] original Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. La Paz, Bolivia. paomedinaocampo@gmail.com normalizedUniversidad Mayor de San Andrés orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología orgnameUniversidad Mayor de San Andrés La Paz, Bolivia paomedinaocampo@ 123456gmail.com
                Author notes
                Autor corresponsal: Heddiksson Mario Cajahuanca Igreda. heddik.29@ 123456gmail.com

                Contribución de autoría: Heddiksson Cajahuanca Igreda, Jhoana Llaguno Rubio y Paola Medina Ocampo han participado en la concepción, recolección de datos, redacción y aprobación de la versión final del artículo

                Potenciales conflictos de interés: Los autores declaran no tener conflicto de intereses de ningún tipo

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-5319
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-608X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5134-7632
                Article
                10.21142/2523-2754-0901-2021-046
                10919828
                22ecaa7b-c300-4e61-898a-4ef4cd47ea2d

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 10 September 2020
                : 18 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Revisión De La Literatura

                canal mandibular,canal mandibular bífido,canal mandibular trífido,tomografía computarizada de haz cónico,mandibular canal,bifid mandibular canal,trifid mandibular canal,cone beam computed tomography

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