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      Frecuencia de anticuerpos y seroconversión frente a Rickettsia spp. en pacientes atendidos en instituciones de salud del departamento de Caldas, Colombia, 2016-2019 Translated title: Frequency of antibodies and seroconversion against Rickettsia spp in patients consulting health institutions in the department of Caldas, Colombia, 2016-2019

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          Resumen

          Introducción.

          Las rickettsiosis son enfermedades zoonóticas transmitidas por artrópodos que cumplen el papel de vectores y reservorios, y cuyos síntomas son inespecíficos, por lo que su diagnóstico clínico es difícil. La inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) es el método de referencia para el diagnóstico. En Colombia, ha resurgido el interés por su estudio por los casos de rickettsiosis detectados en el norte del departamento de Caldas a partir del 2001.

          Objetivo.

          Establecer la frecuencia de anticuerpos y la seroconversión contra Rickettsia spp. en pacientes atendidos en instituciones de salud del departamento de Caldas, Colombia, entre 2016 y 2019.

          Materiales y métodos.

          Se hizo un estudio de diseño cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo, con una muestra no probabilística de 175 pacientes atendidos en diferentes municipios de Caldas, a quienes se les realizó IFI para la detección de anticuerpos en fase aguda y convaleciente contra Rickettsia rickettsii, R. typhi y R. felis.

          Resultados.

          El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 31 años. Los municipios con mayor proporción de seropositivos fueron Belalcázar, Chinchiná, Filadelfia, La Dorada, La Merced y Manizales. El 66 % tenía mascotas y el 12 % reportó picaduras por artrópodos. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes fueron cefalea (69,7 %), artromialgia (60 %), y fiebre (58,2 %). La seroprevalencia por IgG fue de 60 % para R. rickettsii, 47,9 % para R. typhi y 24 % para R. felis. Ocho pacientes presentaron seroconversión.

          Conclusión.

          Se encontró evidencia de la circulación de rickettsias del grupo de las fiebres manchadas y del grupo del tifus asociada con casos humanos en el departamento de Caldas.

          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Rickettsioses are zoonotic diseases transmitted by arthropods acting as vectors and reservoirs. Disease symptoms are nonspecific and, therefore, their clinical diagnosis is difficult. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) is the gold standard assay for diagnosis. The interest for conducting studies on these pathologies has resurfaced in Colombia since 2001; besides, previous studies have evidenced cases of rickettsiosis in the north of the department of Caldas.

          Objective:

          To establish the frequency of antibodies and seroconversion against Rickettsia spp. In patients consulting health institutions in Caldas, Colombia, from 2016 to 2019.

          Materials and methods:

          We conducted a quantitative, observational, and descriptive study on a non-probabilistic sample of 175 patients with symptoms compatible with rickettsiosis who consulted in different municipalities of Caldas, Colombia; IFA was performed to detect antibodies in the acute and convalescent phases against Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia typhi, and Rickettsia felis.

          Results:

          The average age of the patients was 31 years. The municipalities with the highest proportion of seropositive cases were Belalcázar, Chinchiná, Filadelfia, La Dorada, La Merced, and Manizales; 66% of patients owned pets and 12% reported arthropod bites. The most frequent signs and symptoms were headache (69.7%), arthromyalgia (60%), and fever (58.2%). IgG seroprevalence was 60% for R. rickettsii, 47.9% for R. typhi, and, and 24% for R. felis. Eight patients presented seroconversion.

          Conclusion:

          We found evidence of the circulation of Rickettsia species from the spotted fever group and the typhus group associated with human cases in Caldas.

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          Most cited references57

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          Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmosis - United States.

          Tickborne rickettsial diseases continue to cause severe illness and death in otherwise healthy adults and children, despite the availability of low-cost, effective antibacterial therapy. Recognition early in the clinical course is critical because this is the period when antibacterial therapy is most effective. Early signs and symptoms of these illnesses are nonspecific or mimic other illnesses, which can make diagnosis challenging. Previously undescribed tickborne rickettsial diseases continue to be recognized, and since 2004, three additional agents have been described as causes of human disease in the United States: Rickettsia parkeri, Ehrlichia muris-like agent, and Rickettsia species 364D. This report updates the 2006 CDC recommendations on the diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases in the United States and includes information on the practical aspects of epidemiology, clinical assessment, treatment, laboratory diagnosis, and prevention of tickborne rickettsial diseases. The CDC Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, in consultation with external clinical and academic specialists and public health professionals, developed this report to assist health care providers and public health professionals to 1) recognize key epidemiologic features and clinical manifestations of tickborne rickettsial diseases, 2) recognize that doxycycline is the treatment of choice for suspected tickborne rickettsial diseases in adults and children, 3) understand that early empiric antibacterial therapy can prevent severe disease and death, 4) request the appropriate confirmatory diagnostic tests and understand their usefulness and limitations, and 5) report probable and confirmed cases of tickborne rickettsial diseases to public health authorities.
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            Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis--United States: a practical guide for physicians and other health-care and public health professionals.

            Tickborne rickettsial diseases (TBRD) continue to cause severe illness and death in otherwise healthy adults and children, despite the availability of low cost, effective antimicrobial therapy. The greatest challenge to clinicians is the difficult diagnostic dilemma posed by these infections early in their clinical course, when antibiotic therapy is most effective. Early signs and symptoms of these illnesses are notoriously nonspecific or mimic benign viral illnesses, making diagnosis difficult. In October 2004, CDC's Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, in consultation with 11 clinical and academic specialists of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis, and human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, developed guidelines to address the need for a consolidated source for the diagnosis and management of TBRD. The preparers focused on the practical aspects of epidemiology, clinical assessment, treatment, and laboratory diagnosis of TBRD. This report will assist clinicians and other health-care and public health professionals to 1) recognize epidemiologic features and clinical manifestations of TBRD, 2) develop a differential diagnosis that includes and ranks TBRD, 3) understand that the recommendations for doxycycline are the treatment of choice for both adults and children, 4) understand that early empiric antibiotic therapy can prevent severe morbidity and death, and 5) report suspect or confirmed cases of TBRD to local public health authorities to assist them with control measures and public health education efforts.
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              The Rickettsioses

              Rickettsia are small, obligately intracellular Gram negative bacilli. They are distributed among a variety of hematophagous arthropod vectors and cause illness throughout the world. Rickettsioses present as an acute undifferentiated febrile illness and are often accompanied by headache, myalgias, and malaise. Cutaneous manifestations include rash and eschar, which both occur at varying incidence depending on the infecting species. Serology is the mainstay of diagnosis, and the indirect immunofluorescence assay is the test of choice. Reactive antibodies are seldom present during early illness, so testing should be performed on both acute- and convalescent-phase sera. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biomedica
                Biomedica
                bio
                Biomédica
                Instituto Nacional de Salud
                0120-4157
                2590-7379
                15 October 2021
                October 2021
                : 41
                : Suppl 2
                : 103-117
                Affiliations
                [1 ] original Grupo de Investigación Biosalud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia normalizedUniversidad de Caldas orgnameUniversidad de Caldas Manizales, Colombia
                [2 ] original Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia normalizedUniversidad Católica de Manizales orgnameUniversidad Católica de Manizales Manizales, Colombia
                [3 ] original Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia normalizedPontificia Universidad Javeriana orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
                [4 ] original Grupo de Investigación Gebiome, Programa de Biología, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia normalizedUniversidad de Caldas orgnameUniversidad de Caldas Manizales, Colombia
                [5 ] original Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia normalizedUniversidad de Caldas orgnameUniversidad de Caldas Manizales, Colombia
                [6 ] original Sección de Admisiones, Clínica Versalles, Manizales, Colombia orgnameClínica Versalles Manizales, Colombia
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondencia: *Carrera 4 N o 16-140, Condominio El Portal casa 7, Chinchiná, Caldas, Colombia Teléfono: (576) 878 1500, extensión 12223 labmicro@ 123456ucaldas.edu.co

                Todos los autores participaron en el análisis de resultados y en la escritura del manuscrito

                Conflicto de intereses: Los autores declaramos que no tenemos ninguna relación contractual con las marcas de los reactivos y estuches de pruebas utilizados en la presente investigación

                Article
                10.7705/biomedica.5712
                8724692
                34669282
                22ef0e8d-0ec1-4998-b873-d6c15615c948

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 20 November 2020
                : 17 June 2021
                : 21 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 15
                Categories
                Artículo Original

                rickettsia,rickettsia rickettsii,rickettsia typhi,rickettsia felis,infecciones por rickettsia/diagnóstico,epidemiología,factores de riesgo,rickettsia rickettsia,rickettsia infections/diagnosis,epidemiology,risk factors

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