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      Comparación entre amputaciones menores primarias respecto a amputaciones menores con revascularización previa en patología del pie diabético Translated title: Comparison between primary minor amputations and minor amputations with previous revascularization in diabetic foot pathology

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la realización de amputaciones menores primarias en pacientes diabéticos es una práctica aún frecuente en servicios de cirugía vascular. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la evolución de las amputaciones menores primarias respecto a las realizadas con revascularización previa, considerando la presencia o no de angiosoma directo que revascularice la zona del muñón que vamos a crear. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional y comparativo sobre la población de pacientes diabéticos que requerían amputaciones menores de miembros inferiores ingresados en nuestro servicio durante el periodo comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2018. La revascularización previa (o no) a la amputación menor se decidía con base en estudios hemodinámicos y posibilidades según pruebas de imagen. La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos tomando en cuenta la necesidad-posibilidad de revascularización previa a la amputación menor y la presencia de vascularización basada en angiosoma directo o indirecto a la zona del muñón que íbamos a crear. Se valoró en cada grupo la tasa de amputaciones mayores, la tasa de curación de las amputaciones menores y la mortalidad. Consideramos significativa p < 0,05. Resultados: se reclutaron 106 pacientes de enero a diciembre de 2018. Las tasas de curación de los muñones de amputación en los cuatro grupos no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,085). Los pacientes no revascularizados mostraron una tasa de pérdida de extremidad más alta que el grupo previamente revascularizado, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos (p = 0,002). Conclusiones: la tasa de pérdida de extremidad es mayor en los pacientes que no son sometidos a cirugía de revascularización previa a la amputación menor, así como en los pacientes cuya vascularización depende de angiosomas indirectos al muñón creado.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: the performance of primary minor amputations in diabetic patients is a frequent practice in vascular surgery services. The aim of this study is to compare the evolution of minor primary amputations, with those performed with previous revascularization, considering the presence or not of a direct angiosome that revascularizes the stump area that we are going to create. Material and methods: an observational and comparative study was performed on diabetic patients who required minor lower limb amputations admitted to our department during the period from January to December 2018. The revascularization prior, or not, to minor amputation, was decided based on hemodynamic studies and possibilities according to imaging tests. Patients were divided into 4 groups considering the need-possibility of revascularization prior to minor amputation, and vascularization based on direct or indirect angiosome to the area of the stump that we were going to create. The rate of major amputations, the healing rate of minor amputations, and mortality were assessed in each group. We consider significant p < 0.05. Results: 106 patients were recruited, from January to December 2018. The healing rate of the amputation stumps in the four groups did not show statistically significant differences (p = 0.085). Non-revascularized patients showed a higher rate of limb loss respect the previously revascularized group, with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.002). Conclusions: the rate of limb loss is higher in patients who do not undergo revascularization surgery prior to minor amputation, as well as in patients whose vascularization depends on indirect angiosomes to the created stump.

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          Long-term results of direct and indirect endovascular revascularization based on the angiosome concept in patients with critical limb ischemia presenting with isolated below-the-knee lesions.

          We compared clinical outcomes between limbs with and without achievement of feeding artery flow by endovascular therapy (EVT) based on the angiosome concept in critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients with isolated below-the-knee (BTK) lesions and assessed factors influencing major amputation (MA). We analyzed 369 limbs from 329 consecutive patients (224 men; age, 70 ± 11 years) with ischemic ulceration or gangrene, or both, presenting with isolated BTK lesions (Rutherford class 5, 270 limbs; class 6, 99 limbs) with a pretreatment ankle-brachial index of 0.79 ± 0.26. Patients underwent successful EVT, without bypass surgery. Limbs were classified into direct (n = 200) and indirect (n = 169) groups by whether feeding artery flow to the site of ulceration or gangrene was successfully achieved, based on the angiosome concept. Unadjusted and adjusted (by propensity score matching) between-group rates of amputation-free survival (AFS) and freedom from major amputation (MA) and major adverse limb event (MALE) were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test. The independent determinants of MA in the direct and indirect groups were explored by multivariable analysis. During follow-up (mean, 18 ± 16 months), the overall limb salvage rate was 81% (300 of 369), death occurred in 36% (119 of 329), and the reintervention rate was 31% (114 of 369). After propensity score adjustment, the estimated (± standard error) rates for AFS (49% ± 8% vs 29% ± 6%; P = .0002), freedom from MALE (51% ± 8% vs 28% ± 8%, P = .008), and major amputation (82% ± 5% vs 68% ± 5%, P = .01) were significantly higher in the direct group than in the indirect group for up to 4 years after the index procedure. After multivariable Cox proportional analysis, the independent factors associated with major amputation were hemoglobin A(1c) level (hazard ratio [HR], 1.4; 95% confidential interval [CI], 1.1-1.9; P = .006) and cilostazol administration (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.70; P = .006) in the direct group, and C-reactive protein level (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4; P = .002) in the indirect group. Achieving direct flow by angioplasty based on the angiosome concept in CLI patients with isolated BTK lesions is clinically important for AFS and freedom from MA and MALE. Limb salvage factors appear to differ between patients with and without direct flow from the feeding artery after EVT. Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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            The role of foot collateral vessels on ulcer healing and limb salvage after successful endovascular and surgical distal procedures according to an angiosome model.

            Analyze the influence of the collateral distal vessels on ischemic ulcer healing and limb salvage after successful distal procedures, according to an angiosome model. Retrospective analysis of 76 ischemic ulcers revascularized by surgical (n = 41) and endovascular (n = 35) distal procedures. All interventions were primary procedures with single outflow vessel that remained patent during follow-up. Ulcers were classified according to an angiography angiosome study as ''direct revascularization'' ([DR] n = 45), ''indirect revascularization'' ([IR] n = 31), and IR ''through collaterals'' ([IRc] n = 18). Healing rates and limb salvage were compared according to the type of revascularization. Ulcer healing rate at 12 months was higher in DR than in IR (92% vs 73%, P = .008) but similar to IRc (92% vs 85%). Limb salvage at 24 months was higher in DR than in IR (93% vs 72%, P = .02) but similar to IRc (93% vs 88%). Ulcer blood flow restoration through collateral vessels may give similar results to those obtained through its specific source artery.
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              A reliable approach to diabetic neuroischemic foot wounds: below-the-knee angiosome-oriented angioplasty.

              To evaluate the clinical benefit in wound healing and limb preservation after primary below-the-knee angioplasty guided by an angiosome model of perfusion in diabetic patients with neuroischemic foot ulcers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                angiologia
                Angiología
                Angiología
                Arán Ediciones S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0003-3170
                1695-2987
                February 2021
                : 73
                : 1
                : 4-10
                Affiliations
                [1] Barcelona orgnameHospital Universitari de Bellvitge orgdiv1Departamento de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular Spain
                Article
                S0003-31702021000100004 S0003-3170(21)07300100004
                10.20960/angiologia.00164
                230ebaa4-0936-4622-a32a-b92e8e54bb4a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 October 2020
                : 19 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 11, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Angiosomes,Primary amputation,Revascularización,Pie diabético,Angiosomas,Muñón,Amputación primaria,Diabetic foot,Stump,Revascularization

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