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      Laser MICROSAMPLING of soil microbial community

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          Recent findings on the viable but nonculturable state in pathogenic bacteria.

          Many bacteria, including a variety of important human pathogens, are known to respond to various environmental stresses by entry into a novel physiological state, where the cells remain viable, but are no longer culturable on standard laboratory media. On resuscitation from this 'viable but nonculturable' (VBNC) state, the cells regain culturability and the renewed ability to cause infection. It is likely that the VBNC state is a survival strategy, although several interesting alternative explanations have been suggested. This review describes the VBNC state, the various chemical and physical factors known to induce cells into this state, the cellular traits and gene expression exhibited by VBNC cells, their antibiotic resistance, retention of virulence and ability to attach and persist in the environment, and factors that have been found to allow resuscitation of VBNC cells. Along with simple reversal of the inducing stresses, a variety of interesting chemical and biological factors have been shown to allow resuscitation, including extracellular resuscitation-promoting proteins, a novel quorum-sensing system (AI-3) and interactions with amoeba. Finally, the central role of catalase in the VBNC response of some bacteria, including its genetic regulation, is described.
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            Design and evaluation of useful bacterium-specific PCR primers that amplify genes coding for bacterial 16S rRNA.

            We report the design and evaluation of PCR primers 63f and 1387r for amplification of 16S rRNA genes from bacteria. Their specificity and efficacy were tested systematically with a bacterial species and environmental samples. They were found to be more useful for 16S rRNA gene amplification in ecological and systematic studies than PCR amplimers that are currently more generally used.
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              Laser assisted bioprinting of engineered tissue with high cell density and microscale organization.

              Over this decade, cell printing strategy has emerged as one of the promising approaches to organize cells in two and three dimensional engineered tissues. High resolution and high speed organization of cells are some of the key requirements for the successful fabrication of cell-containing two or three dimensional constructs. So far, none of the available cell printing technologies has shown an ability to concomitantly print cells at a cell-level resolution and at a kHz range speed. We have studied the effect of the viscosity of the bioink, laser energy, and laser printing speed on the resolution of cell printing. Accordingly, we demonstrate that a laser assisted cell printer can deposit cells with a microscale resolution, at a speed of 5 kHz and with computer assisted geometric control. We have successfully implemented such a cell printing precision to print miniaturized tissue like layouts with de novo high cell density and micro scale organization.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                yaminon@mail.ru
                chutko@mail.ru
                alnison@mail.ru
                minaevn@gmail.com
                zp4981@gmail.com
                lvlysak@mail.ru
                stevlashin@ya.ru
                cheptcov.vladimir@gmail.com
                alex19422008@rambler.ru
                iouss@yandex.ru
                vzhigarkov@gmail.com
                davidova_g@mail.ru
                chichkov@iqo.uni-hannover.de
                victor.bagratashvili@gmail.com
                Journal
                J Biol Eng
                J Biol Eng
                Journal of Biological Engineering
                BioMed Central (London )
                1754-1611
                28 November 2018
                28 November 2018
                2018
                : 12
                : 27
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2342 9668, GRID grid.14476.30, Department of General Soil Science, , Lomonosov Moscow State University, ; 119991 Moscow, Russia
                [2 ]Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Institute of Photonic Technologies, 142190, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2342 9668, GRID grid.14476.30, Institute of Nuclear Physics, , Lomonosov Moscow State University, ; 119991 Moscow, Russia
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0638 1529, GRID grid.419005.9, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, ; 142290, Puschino, Moscow Branch, Russia
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2163 2777, GRID grid.9122.8, Leibniz Universität Hannover and Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V, ; 30419 Hannover, Germany
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0555 3608, GRID grid.454320.4, Center for Design, Manufacturing & Materials, , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, ; 143026, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-0118
                Article
                117
                10.1186/s13036-018-0117-4
                6263061
                232a7556-7069-46ea-bb0c-4bb1e221688e
                © The Author(s). 2018

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 3 April 2018
                : 31 October 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: Russian Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations
                Award ID: № 007-ГЗ/Ч3363/26 in part of development of new method and systems for new 3d printer technologies of laser transfer
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002261, Russian Foundation for Basic Research;
                Award ID: Project No. 16-02-00955 in part of microbiological research
                Award ID: Project No. 18-32-00607 in part research of laser transfer processes
                Funded by: Scholarship of the President of the Russian Federation
                Award ID: SP-1493.2016.4
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Biotechnology
                microbe isolation,unculturable,laser cell printing,biodiversity,metabolic fingerprinting,nonomuraea

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